Assam, July21,2025:On July 12, 2025, authorities demolished settlements in Paikan Reserve Forest (Gwalpara). Around 1,080 families were displaced

Assam eviction targeting Bengali Muslim communities

Assam eviction targeting Bengali Muslim communities has emerged as a contentious issue, drawing strong reactions from opposition parties, human rights groups, and affected families. Reports suggest thousands of Bengali-origin Muslim households have been displaced across Assam, including in Goalpara (Gwalpara), Dhubri, Nalbari and Lakhimpur districts.

Background: eviction campaigns in Assam

Since mid‑2025, Assam’s BJP government, led by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma, intensified eviction drives to remove alleged encroachments on government and forest land. Over 25,000 acres have been cleared in recent years, impacting more than 50,000 people. . The government claims the actions are part of law enforcement, ecological restoration, and judicial mandates.

The Gwalpara tragedy and fatal police clash

On July 12, 2025, authorities demolished settlements in Paikan Reserve Forest (Gwalpara). Around 1,080 families were displaced. On July 17, as officials reportedly attempted to block access by digging the road to the eviction site, protests escalated. Police opened fire, injuring several and causing the death of 19‑year‑old Shaukar (Sakowar) Ali near his ear . His family alleges he was shot in the neck region and died immediately; community testimonials confirm multiple injuries to police personnel and protestors alike.

Allegations of demographic engineering

Opposition voices, especially from AIUDF and Assam Jatiya Parishad (AJP), argue that eviction targeting Bengali Muslim communities is politically motivated. They claim it aims to alter voter demographics ahead of the 2026 Assembly elections . Senior Congress and student union leaders also raised concerns that Muslim‑majority areas are disproportionately targeted under the guise of forest protection.

Political analysts point out that delimitation and reservation shifts—such as converting one of the two Gwalpara seats to ST reservation—have diluted Muslim electoral strength. Meanwhile, the ruling party has admitted it intends to campaign aggressively in minority areas to boost performance even there .

Opposition and rights‑group reactions

AIUDF leaders have described the drives as “inhumane, unconstitutional, politically motivated,” drawing parallels with Gaza in dramatic terms . The AJP accused the government of using evictions to clear land for corporate projects involving Adani, Ambani, and others . The student body AAMSU warned of bigger protests if displacement continues without rehabilitation . Asom Nagarik Samaj called the firing unlawful and criticized the lack of prior notice or resettlement planning.

A delegation from Jamiat Ulama‑i‑Hind also visited Goalpara, providing temporary shelter and stating that most of the 4,000 demolished homes belonged to Indian citizens, many displaced by river erosion decades ago.

Government and CM’s defense

Chief Minister Sarma defends the eviction as necessary action against illegal encroachment. He maintains notices were issued, and only when people refused to vacate did machinery or force become necessary. He emphasizes that the government has reclaimed over 1.19 lakh bighas (approx. 25,000 acres) since May 2021.

Following local unrest, Sarma warned Congress leaders Rahul Gandhi and Mallikarjun Kharge of possible legal action, accusing them of inciting encroachers during their Assam visit.

Legal challenges and court orders

The eviction campaign followed a Gauhati High Court order on 10 July 2025, directing clearance of land while providing alternative shelter and food until rehabilitation arrangements are in place . Lawyers argue the eviction violated this binding judicial mandate, as no temporary housing or food provisions were delivered prior to demolition . Appeals have been filed in the Supreme Court to reverse forced evictions and demand accountability for officials involved .

Humanitarian and demographic stakes

The affected families—mostly Bengali-speaking Muslims—face immediate challenges: homelessness, lack of food, and a future uncertain. Relatives of Shaukar Ali and local leaders stress the emotional trauma inflicted on women and children and question the fairness of being removed from homes they’ve inhabited for generations, often with land records and revenue payment history .

External Resources for Further Reading

• Times of India: coverage of eviction drives in Assam and political criticisms.
• Economic Times: detailed reports on land cleared and controversies.
• ThePrint: story on the death of Shaukar Ali and aftermath.

The Assam eviction targeting Bengali Muslim communities controversy raises deep questions about governance, communal equity, democracy, and electoral fairness. While the state government frames its actions as lawful land reclamation, evidence and witness accounts suggest systemic targeting, especially of Muslim-majority settlements, without due process or provisions for displaced families. With elections approaching, the political and human rights dimensions of these actions are likely to escalate further.

Let me know if you’d like quotes from legal petitions, demographic election data, or embedded maps.

A Historic Renaming Reflecting Cultural Heritage

In a significant move aimed at honoring the cultural and historical roots of the region, the Assam government has officially renamed Karimganj district to Sribhoomi district. This decision was announced by Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma following a cabinet meeting held on November 19, 2024. The renaming is part of a broader initiative to restore historical names across the state and reflects the aspirations of the local populace.

The Significance of Sribhoomi

The new name, Sribhoomi, translates to “the land of Goddess Lakshmi,” a title that resonates deeply with the region’s cultural ethos. Chief Minister Sarma highlighted that over a century ago, the renowned poet Rabindranath Tagore had referred to this area as Sribhoomi in his writings, emphasizing its historical significance. By adopting this name, the Assam government aims to reconnect the district with its rich heritage and promote a sense of pride among its residents.

Key Points from the Announcement:

• Date of Renaming: November 19, 2024
• New Name: Sribhoomi District
• Historical Reference: Named by Rabindranath Tagore over 100 years ago
• Cultural Meaning: “Land of Goddess Lakshmi”

Chief Minister’s Vision

During the announcement, CM Sarma stated, “We are gradually changing the names of places that lack historical references or dictionary meanings.” He explained that many existing names do not reflect the linguistic heritage or cultural significance of the areas they represent. The renaming of Karimganj is seen as part of an ongoing effort to ensure that place names resonate with their historical and cultural contexts.The Chief Minister also mentioned previous renaming initiatives, including that of Kalapahar, reinforcing his commitment to restoring meaningful names across Assam. This approach not only aims to preserve cultural identity but also seeks to inspire future generations to honor their heritage.

Over a 100 years ago, Kabiguru Rabindranath Tagore had described modern day Karimganj District in Assam as ‘Sribhumi’- the land of Maa Lakshmi.

Today the #AssamCabinet has fulfilled this long standing demand of our people. pic.twitter.com/VSN8Bnyv8N— Himanta Biswa Sarma (@himantabiswa) November 19, 2024

Community Response

The decision has been met with enthusiasm from local leaders and residents. Krishnendu Paul, MLA from Patherkandi, expressed gratitude for this thoughtful move, stating that it honors the region’s rich cultural heritage and instills pride among its people. He emphasized that the name “Sribhoomi” reflects both spiritual and historical significance, which will strengthen the district’s identity.

Broader Implications

Renaming Karimganj to Sribhoomi is not just a change in nomenclature; it symbolizes a shift towards recognizing and celebrating Assam’s diverse cultural history. This initiative aligns with national trends where several regions are reevaluating their historical narratives and place names.The Assam government’s decision also comes in light of ongoing discussions about identity politics and cultural representation in India. By restoring traditional names, the government aims to foster a stronger connection between citizens and their heritage.

Future Plans for Assam

Looking ahead, Chief Minister Sarma indicated that this renaming is part of a larger strategy to enhance Assam’s identity through various developmental initiatives. The cabinet has also approved plans for an investment and infrastructure summit scheduled for February 24, 2025, further showcasing Assam’s commitment to growth and development.In addition to these initiatives, the state government plans to publish voter lists for upcoming panchayat elections by December 2024, ensuring active civic engagement among residents.

A New Chapter for Sribhoomi District

The renaming of Karimganj district as Sribhoomi marks a significant chapter in Assam’s journey towards embracing its cultural roots while fostering community pride. As residents prepare for this change, it is clear that this decision will resonate deeply within the hearts of those who call this district home.With ongoing efforts to honor historical legacies and promote local identities, Sribhoomi is poised to become a symbol of Assam’s rich heritage and vibrant future.