UP, Sep.26,2025:The call for Justice for Brijendra Kumar Verma has ignited a storm in Sitapur district, Uttar Pradesh. Villagers of Nadwa in Gram Panchayat Helapara, schoolchildren, and advocates have joined hands demanding accountability after shocking events unfolded at the Primary School Nadwa under Sadarpur police station limits-

The controversy started when headmaster Brijendra Kumar Verma was allegedly humiliated, physically assaulted, and unfairly targeted by officials and middlemen, sparking outrage across the community.

Why Villagers and Advocates Took a Stand

On Thursday, advocates Amrendra Singh Bahubali and Shani Patel, along with villagers and students, staged a protest at Primary School Nadwa. They demanded justice for Brijendra Kumar Verma and warned that if necessary, the matter would be escalated to the Allahabad High Court.

The protestors declared.

• “This is not just the fight of a teacher but the dignity of an entire society. If justice is denied here, we will not hesitate to seek remedies at the highest judicial level.”

The solidarity shown by villagers and students highlights the rising anger against alleged misuse of authority by educational officials.

Role of BSA in the Controversy

Central to the controversy is the Basic Shiksha Adhikari (BSA) of Sitapur, who, according to protestors, misused his power to influence the investigation against Verma. The BSA, being the highest district-level education officer, is accused of:

• Pressuring inquiries to work against the headmaster.
• Shielding other individuals allegedly responsible for the assault.
• Favoring certain teachers despite their absenteeism.

Protestors demanded the immediate transfer of the BSA from Sitapur to ensure a neutral investigation.

CCTV Evidence Raises Critical Questions

One of the most disturbing aspects of the case revolves around CCTV footage.

• A selective video clip was circulated online, showing the headmaster in a controversial light.
• However, villagers claim that after the belt incident, clerks and middlemen attacked the headmaster for a prolonged period.
• They demand that full-day CCTV footage be preserved and included in the investigation.

Protestors further argued that if Verma was sent to jail based on selective evidence, then those who physically assaulted him must also face equal consequences under the law.

For similar cases of evidence-based justice, see The Hindu’s coverage of school-related disputes.

Allegations of Misuse of Power

The conflict escalated when Verma, reportedly humiliated at the BSA’s office, lost his patience and reacted in anger. Villagers claim that.

1. The BSA insulted and harassed the headmaster publicly.
2. Continuous pressure was put on Verma to justify false charges.
3. An attempt was made to cover up absenteeism of another teacher by manipulating records.

This alleged favoritism towards an absent teacher has raised serious doubts about the integrity of Sitapur’s education administration.

Demand for a Fair High Court Investigation

The villagers, advocates, and protest leaders made it clear that they will not accept biased inquiries. Their demands include.

• A time-bound investigation under the supervision of the High Court.
• Immediate departmental action against the BSA.
• Retrieval of call records between the BSA and the favored teacher to ensure transparency.
• Equal treatment of all parties, including clerks and middlemen involved in physical violence.

Such demands echo larger debates on accountability in India’s education system. For more context, check Times of India’s education coverage.

Impact on Students’ Education

While the controversy unfolds, the biggest sufferers are the students of Primary School Nadwa. With their headmaster suspended and uncertainty looming, their academic schedule has been disrupted.

Villagers expressed concern that unless the inquiry is resolved within three days, the children’s future could be at stake. They appealed to the authorities to act swiftly so that education is not compromised.

Voices of the Advocates

Advocates Amrendra Singh Bahubali and Shani Patel were joined by community leaders including Suraj ji, Tufan ji, and Ashutosh ji.

They emphasized.

• “Justice for Brijendra Kumar Verma is non-negotiable. If the authorities think they can silence us with partial actions, they are mistaken.”
• “This fight is not just for one man; it is for the dignity of every teacher in Uttar Pradesh.”

The strong language used by the advocates reflects the seriousness of the issue and their determination to escalate it legally if necessary.

What This Case Means for Teacher Rights in India

The Justice for Brijendra Kumar Verma case sheds light on broader issues faced by teachers across India.

• Lack of protection against harassment by officials.
• Misuse of administrative authority to manipulate inquiries.
• Delayed justice affecting not only educators but also students.

Experts argue that unless strict accountability measures are introduced, such incidents will continue to harm the credibility of India’s education system.

Justice for Brijendra Kumar Verma Is Now a Movement

What began as an isolated incident at Primary School Nadwa has now grown into a movement demanding transparency, justice, and accountability.

The villagers’ united voice, coupled with the involvement of determined advocates, has placed the spotlight on Sitapur’s education administration. Whether or not the authorities act swiftly, one thing is certain: Justice for Brijendra Kumar Verma has become a rallying cry for fairness in India’s teaching community.

US, Sep.26,2025:Trump 100% Tariff on Branded Drugs has sparked a storm across the pharmaceutical world. On Thursday, former U.S. President Donald Trump announced a sweeping new trade measure: a 100% tariff on all branded and patented pharmaceutical imports, effective October 1, 2025–

This move, shared on his platform Truth Social, will drastically reshape global pharmaceutical trade. For India—one of the largest exporters of medicines to the United States—the decision comes as a fresh blow after existing 50% tariffs already dented export margins.

Alongside medicines, Trump also slapped 25% tariffs on heavy-duty trucks, 50% tariffs on kitchen and bathroom cabinets, and 30% tariffs on upholstered furniture.

Details of the New 100% Tariff Policy

Trump declared that beginning October 2025.

• 100% tariff will apply to all branded and patented pharmaceutical products not made in the U.S.
• 50% tariff will apply to all imported kitchen cabinets, bathroom vanities, and related furniture.
• 25% tariff will target heavy-duty trucks.
• 30% tariff will hit upholstered furniture.

He justified these tariffs as necessary to protect American manufacturers from “unfair foreign competition” and to safeguard national security interests.

Why Trump is Targeting Branded Drugs

At the core of Trump’s 100% Tariff on Branded Drugs lies his long-standing trade policy—”America First.” Trump has repeatedly accused countries like Ireland of offering low corporate tax rates to lure U.S. pharmaceutical giants such as Pfizer, Merck, and Johnson & Johnson.

By imposing heavy tariffs, Trump aims to force drug makers to shift production back to the U.S. instead of outsourcing to Ireland, India, or other low-cost countries.

Impact on Indian Pharmaceutical Exports

India exports around $12.7 billion worth of medicines annually to the U.S., according to the Global Trade Research Initiative (GTRI). While most are generic drugs, India also supplies branded formulations through leading firms like.

• Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories
• Lupin Limited
• Sun Pharma

These companies already operate at thin profit margins. With tariffs doubling to 100%, many may find it unsustainable to continue branded drug exports.

North America contributes nearly one-third of Indian pharma companies’ profits, meaning any disruption could shake their financial stability.

Indian Generic vs Branded Drug Market in the US

• Generics dominate: Nearly 90% of U.S. prescriptions are filled with generic drugs, and half of them originate from India.
• Branded drugs matter less for India, but tariffs still hurt because they raise overall compliance costs.
• According to IQVIA, Indian generics saved the U.S. $219 billion in 2022 alone.

Experts warn that if tariffs extend to generics in the future, U.S. healthcare costs could skyrocket and shortages could worsen.

The Ireland Factor in Branded Drugs Tariffs

The biggest hidden target of the Trump 100% Tariff on Branded Drugs may be Ireland.

• Ireland hosts factories of over a dozen top pharma companies, including Merck, AbbVie, and Eli Lilly.
• Products like Keytruda (Merck’s cancer drug) and Botox (AbbVie) are manufactured there for U.S. consumers.
• Trump has accused Ireland of running a “tax haven scam” at America’s expense.

This makes Ireland’s pharmaceutical exports a likely primary casualty of the tariff war.

Consequences for US Healthcare Costs

If tariffs are enforced strictly.

• Drug costs will rise in the U.S. due to reduced competition.
• Patients may face shortages, especially for specialized treatments like cancer and obesity drugs.
• Insurance companies could increase premiums.
• Hospitals may cut back on treatments that rely on imported branded drugs.

Ironically, while Trump’s policy is meant to protect American manufacturers, it may hurt American patients the most.

Expert Reactions and Global Trade Concerns

• GTRI experts warn Indian pharma exporters may be “priced out” of the U.S. market.
• Reuters analysts note Trump’s tariffs risk violating WTO rules, sparking global trade disputes.
• U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick has defended the move, calling Ireland’s policies a “scandal.”

Global reactions remain divided—some view this as protectionist overreach, while others see it as a wake-up call for diversifying supply chains.

Future of India–US Pharma Trade Relations

For India, the challenge is twofold.

1. Safeguard generics – India must push through trade negotiations to keep generics exempt from tariff hikes.
2. Diversify exports – Indian firms may need to explore markets in Europe, Africa, and Latin America to reduce dependency on the U.S.

Experts suggest that without a bilateral trade deal, Indian companies could lose competitiveness in the world’s largest pharma market.

A Global Ripple Effect

The Trump 100% Tariff on Branded Drugs is more than a trade policy—it’s a geopolitical signal. While it may protect U.S. truck and cabinet makers, the real storm is in pharmaceuticals.

For India, the short-term impact may be limited to branded drugs, but the long-term fear is clear: if generics are targeted, America’s healthcare system could face unprecedented costs and shortages.

New Delhi,Sep.25,2025:The rejection of the Tahir Hussain bail plea by the Delhi High Court has once again drawn national attention to the tragic 2020 Delhi riots. Former Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) councillor Tahir Hussain has been in custody for more than five years in connection with the murder of Intelligence Bureau (IB) officer Ankit Sharma, who was killed during the riots in northeast Delhi-

The case has remained one of the most politically charged trials in recent history, with Hussain at the center of controversy. His repeated attempts for bail highlight the complexity of riot-related cases and the judiciary’s role in balancing individual rights with the gravity of allegations.

 Background of the 2020 Delhi Riots Case

The Delhi riots of February 2020 broke out amid protests over the Citizenship Amendment Act (CAA). Clashes between communities led to violence that claimed over 50 lives and left hundreds injured.

Among the most shocking incidents was the murder of IB officer Ankit Sharma, whose body was found in a drain in Chand Bagh, Delhi. The post-mortem revealed multiple stab wounds, sparking nationwide outrage.

The FIR filed on the basis of Sharma’s father’s complaint named Tahir Hussain as a key accused.

 Who Was Ankit Sharma and Why His Murder Shook India

Ankit Sharma, a young Intelligence Bureau officer, had gone missing on February 25, 2020. His body was later recovered near Hussain’s residence.

His death became a symbol of the brutality of the riots, leading to widespread demands for justice. The case against Tahir Hussain has largely revolved around Sharma’s killing, making it one of the most closely watched trials.

Timeline of Tahir Hussain’s Bail Applications

Hussain has made multiple bail attempts since his arrest in 2020:

• December 2023: Filed a regular bail plea.
• February 2024: Withdrew it, citing plans to reapply in trial court.
• March 12, 2024: Trial court rejected his bail plea.
• September 2025: Delhi High Court dismissed his fresh bail application.

Each rejection has kept Hussain behind bars, highlighting the court’s cautious approach in such a sensitive case.

Delhi High Court’s Latest Ruling on the Bail Plea

The High Court emphasized the seriousness of the charges and the potential threat to law and order if Hussain were released.

The court noted that the gravity of the crime and the evidence presented against him did not justify bail. This makes it clear that the judiciary is unwilling to take risks in riot-related cases where communal harmony and public trust are at stake.

Legal Grounds for Rejection of Bail

The rejection of the Tahir Hussain bail plea rests on several legal grounds:

• Section 302 IPC (Murder): Hussain faces direct allegations of involvement in Ankit Sharma’s killing.
• Conspiracy charges: Accused of coordinating attacks during the riots.
• Witness statements: Multiple testimonies link him to violent mobs.
• Threat to society: Court highlighted the possibility of unrest if released.

These factors made it nearly impossible for the court to grant him relief.

What the Defense Argued in Tahir Hussain Bail Plea

Hussain’s defense team has consistently argued that.

• He is being politically targeted due to his association with AAP.
• No direct evidence links him to Sharma’s murder.
• He has already spent more than five years in jail without trial conclusion.
• Prolonged incarceration without conviction violates fundamental rights.

However, the High Court found these arguments insufficient in the face of strong prosecution evidence.

Prosecution’s Strong Opposition to Bail

The prosecution opposed bail, stressing.

• The heinous nature of the crime.
• The possibility of Hussain tampering with evidence or influencing witnesses.
• The need to uphold public faith in the justice system.

This hardline stance ensured that Hussain’s bail plea was rejected once again.

From AAP Councillor to Accused

Tahir Hussain’s political journey took a dramatic turn.

• Once a rising star in the Aam Aadmi Party (AAP), elected as councillor.
• Suspended from the party after his name surfaced in riot cases.
• Became a symbol of political controversy, with opposition parties attacking AAP for his role.

The Tahir Hussain bail plea thus carries not just legal but also political implications.

Reactions from Victim’s Family and Civil Society

The family of Ankit Sharma welcomed the High Court’s decision, stating that they have been waiting for justice for five years.

Civil society remains divided:

• Some see the prolonged detention without trial as unjustified.
• Others argue that serious riot crimes must be dealt with strictly.

Expert Opinions on the Bail Rejection

Legal experts highlight that bail in riot and terrorism-linked cases is often extremely difficult to secure.

According to senior advocates, courts tend to prioritize societal security over individual liberty when charges involve murder and conspiracy during riots.

This explains why the Tahir Hussain bail plea faced rejection yet again.

Broader Impact on Delhi Riot Cases

The outcome of Hussain’s bail plea could set a precedent for other pending Delhi riots cases. Many accused are still awaiting trial, and prolonged detentions raise questions about judicial delays.

This case underscores the tension between speedy justice and thorough investigation.

How Long Can Tahir Hussain Remain in Jail Without Conviction

Indian law does not allow indefinite pre-trial detention, but in cases involving grave charges like murder, courts are reluctant to release accused until trials conclude.

Unless his trial is fast-tracked, Hussain may remain in jail for years before a final verdict is reached.

Comparing With Other High-Profile Bail Cases in India

The Tahir Hussain bail plea has drawn comparisons with.

• The Umar Khalid case, where bail was denied in UAPA-related charges.
• The Rhea Chakraborty case, where bail was eventually granted after strong media attention.
• The Lalu Prasad Yadav fodder scam case, where repeated bail pleas were rejected before eventual relief.

These comparisons show how high-profile cases often become legal and political battlegrounds.

Lessons from the Tahir Hussain Bail Plea

The rejection of the Tahir Hussain bail plea marks yet another chapter in the long and controversial Delhi riots trial.

For Hussain, it means continued incarceration and an uncertain future. For the judiciary, it highlights the need to balance justice for victims with rights of the accused. And for society, it is a reminder of how deeply the 2020 riots scarred India’s social fabric.

France,Sep.25,2025:The news of Nicolas Sarkozy sentenced to five years in prison has sent shockwaves across France and beyond. Once hailed as a strong leader of the European Union, Sarkozy now faces a humiliating chapter in his career-

The Paris Criminal Court found the former French President guilty of criminal conspiracy related to illegal Libyan funds. While some charges were dismissed, the court confirmed that he accepted funds from Libya’s late leader Muammar Gaddafi for his 2007 presidential campaign.

This verdict not only tarnishes Sarkozy’s political image but also raises broader questions about corruption and democracy in Europe.

Who Is Nicolas Sarkozy

Before discussing why Nicolas Sarkozy was sentenced, it’s important to understand his career.

• Nicolas Sarkozy, 70, served as President of France from 2007 to 2012.
• Known for his dynamic personality, he was called “Sarko the American” for his bold and pro-business policies.
• During his presidency, he played a key role in NATO’s Libya intervention in 2011 and was deeply involved in EU politics.

Yet, his political career has been overshadowed by repeated allegations of corruption.

Libya and Illegal Campaign Funding Allegations

At the center of why Nicolas Sarkozy was sentenced is a scandal involving illegal campaign financing.

Investigators claim Sarkozy’s 2007 election campaign received millions in undeclared cash from Muammar Gaddafi’s Libya. These funds allegedly helped him secure victory.

Though Sarkozy denied ever receiving such money, evidence presented in court included witness testimonies, bank transfers, and political intermediaries who admitted handling funds.

Why Nicolas Sarkozy Was Sentenced

On September 25, 2025, the Paris Criminal Court sentenced Nicolas Sarkozy to five years in prison.

• Charges upheld: Criminal conspiracy linked to Libyan funds.
• Charges dismissed: Corruption and other campaign financing violations.
• Sentence details: Out of 5 years, 2 years are suspended, meaning he may serve 3 years in detention or under electronic surveillance.

The court described his actions as a “serious attack on the integrity of French democracy.”

Claims of Political Motivation

Throughout the trial, Sarkozy maintained his innocence, arguing that the charges were politically motivated.

He accused his opponents of trying to destroy his reputation to prevent any political comeback. Sarkozy often repeated:

“I have never received a single euro from Gaddafi. These are lies, orchestrated for political gain.”

His lawyers have announced plans to appeal the verdict, ensuring that the legal battle is far from over.

Timeline of Sarkozy’s Legal Troubles

The phrase “Nicolas Sarkozy sentenced” is not new in French media. His legal challenges span over a decade:

• 2007: Wins French presidential elections.
• 2012: Defeated by François Hollande.
• 2013–2016: Investigations into illegal funding begin.
• 2021: Convicted of corruption and sentenced to 3 years in a separate case.
• 2025: Sentenced to 5 years in the Libya case.

This makes Sarkozy the first French president since Jacques Chirac to face prison sentences after leaving office.

The Role of Muammar Gaddafi in the Case

The case against Sarkozy is unique because it involves an international dictator—Muammar Gaddafi.

• Gaddafi allegedly provided €50 million to Sarkozy’s 2007 campaign.
• Intermediaries testified about cash-filled suitcases sent to Paris.
• Ironically, Sarkozy later supported NATO’s 2011 military intervention that helped topple Gaddafi.

This paradox has made the case even more controversial.

How the French Public Reacted to Sarkozy’s Sentence

The sentencing divided France.

• Supporters: Many believe Sarkozy is being unfairly targeted and remains a “victim of judicial activism.”
• Critics: Others see the ruling as a victory for justice and proof that no one is above the law.
• Public opinion polls: Show that a majority of French citizens believe the case damages France’s international image.

 International Reactions to Nicolas Sarkozy’s Sentencing

The world has reacted strongly to the news of Nicolas Sarkozy sentenced:

• European Union leaders have expressed concern about corruption within European politics.
• Middle Eastern analysts see it as proof of Gaddafi’s influence beyond Libya.
• Global media outlets have described it as a “dramatic fall from grace” for one of Europe’s most influential leaders.

Other Leaders Facing Justice

Sarkozy’s case is not unique. Across the world, many leaders have faced trials after leaving office.

• Silvio Berlusconi (Italy): Faced multiple trials for corruption and tax fraud.
• Jacob Zuma (South Africa): Accused of corruption linked to arms deals.
• Park Geun-hye (South Korea): Imprisoned for abuse of power and bribery.

The message is clear: justice systems are increasingly holding powerful leaders accountable.

Sarkozy’s Political Legacy After the Sentence

With Nicolas Sarkozy sentenced, his political future seems over.

• His hopes for a comeback in French politics are effectively destroyed.
• His party, Les Républicains, now faces the challenge of moving beyond Sarkozy’s shadow.
• Analysts argue that his conviction may influence upcoming French elections, shifting focus toward transparency and accountability.

What Nicolas Sarkozy’s Sentence Means for Democracy

The fact that Nicolas Sarkozy was sentenced to five years is not just about one man—it’s about the strength of democracy.

This ruling sends a powerful signal: even presidents can be punished when they break the law.

MP,Sep.25,2025:The Bijasan Mata Temple is not just a shrine of faith but a 2000-year-old cultural and historical treasure. Revered as the Kuldevi (family deity) of multiple dynasties and communities, this temple continues to attract thousands of devotees from Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and beyond–

Unlike many regional deities worshipped by a single community, Bijasan Mata transcends boundaries. She is regarded as the protector goddess of the Holkar dynasty, the Hindu Gadariya (Kukroliya family), and several other communities across India.

Historical Background of Bijasan Mata Temple

The Bijasan Mata Temple is believed to be over 2000 years old, making it one of the most ancient temples in India dedicated to a Kuldevi. Located on hilltops in places like Indore, Bundi, and Chittorgarh, the temple has remained a site of devotion for centuries.

The architecture of the temple combines ancient Hindu design with regional craftsmanship, reflecting both tribal traditions and classical rituals.

Communities That Worship Bijasan Mata as Kuldevi

Holkar Dynasty

The Holkar rulers of Indore had an unshakable faith in Bijasan Mata. The temple in Indore is strongly associated with this royal dynasty, and many rituals of the Holkar state involved offerings to the goddess.

Hindu Gadariya (Kukroliya family)

The Gadariya community, particularly the Kukroliya family, also considers Bijasan Mata as their Kuldevi. Generations of Gadariya families have worshipped her as their protector, especially during festivals and important life events.

Other Communities and Regions

Beyond dynasties and caste groups, Bijasan Mata Temple is revered by devotees from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. This broad devotion underscores her status as a universal goddess rather than a regional one.

Bijasan Mata Temple in Indore

One of the most famous shrines dedicated to Bijasan Mata is located in Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Perched on a hilltop, the temple provides not only spiritual solace but also a panoramic view of the city.

During Navratri, the Indore temple becomes a magnet for thousands of pilgrims who come to seek blessings.

Bijasan Mata Temple in Rajasthan

Kanar Kheda, Chittorgarh

In Kanar Kheda village of Chittorgarh district, a Bijasan Mata Temple stands majestically on a hill. This shrine is over 2000 years old and continues to be a hub of devotion. Devotees from Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Surat travel here every year.

The temple is unique as it is jointly served by Bhil community priests (Bhopa ji Ratta ji Bhil) and a Pandit ji who performs daily rituals. This fusion of tribal and Brahminical traditions makes the temple special.

Bundi District – Indergarh

Another important site is the Bijasan Mata Dham in Indergarh, Bundi, which also attracts thousands of devotees from Rajasthan and neighboring states.

Bijasan Mata Worship in Maharashtra and Gujarat

In Maharashtra and Gujarat, devotees also worship Bijasan Mata as their guardian deity. Several households keep her image in their homes, and her name is invoked during important ceremonies.

Read more about regional goddess worship in India.

Religious Rituals and Worship Practices

The Bijasan Mata Temple follows daily worship practices blending tribal customs and traditional Hindu rituals.

• Bhopa ji from the Bhil community performs age-old tribal rituals.
• Pandit ji from nearby towns conducts Vedic puja and aarti.
• Offerings of coconut, red cloth, sindoor, and sweets are common.

This blend of practices highlights the temple’s inclusivity and cultural richness.

Navratri Celebrations at Bijasan Mata Temple

Navratri is the grandest festival at all Bijasan Mata shrines. During this time:

• Thousands of pilgrims gather for nine nights of devotion.
• Special aarti, bhajans, and folk dances take place.
• Local fairs (melas) bring together people from diverse communities.

The atmosphere during Navratri transforms the temple into a vibrant hub of spirituality and celebration.

Cultural and Spiritual Importance of Bijasan Mata Temple

The temple serves as.

• A cultural hub where tribal and classical traditions merge.
• A spiritual sanctuary for devotees from multiple states.
• A heritage site symbolizing faith carried across generations.

Stories, Legends, and Folklore

Several legends are associated with the Bijasan Mata Temple. Locals believe that the goddess has protected dynasties, safeguarded farmers, and blessed warriors before battles.

These stories strengthen people’s faith and attract more devotees every year.

Why Bijasan Mata Temple Remains a Living Heritage

Unlike many ancient temples that become monuments, Bijasan Mata Temple remains a living place of worship. Its connection with multiple dynasties, communities, and states ensures that devotion continues to thrive.

Bijasan Mata Temple as a Universal Kuldevi

The Bijasan Mata Temple is more than a place of worship—it is a symbol of faith, unity, and cultural continuity. Whether in Indore, Chittorgarh, Bundi, or Maharashtra, her shrines embody spiritual resilience.

As one of India’s most ancient Kuldevi temples, it proves that faith has no boundaries—it unites dynasties, communities, and states under the grace of Bijasan Mata.

Chittorgarh, Sep.25,2025:The Joganiya Mata history is more than just a religious account—it represents Rajasthan’s cultural and historical fabric. The temple has stood for nearly 1,200 years, witnessing the evolution of local traditions and spiritual practices-

The Hada Dynasty and Their Kuldevi

The Hada rulers of the region considered Annapurna Mata as their family deity (Kuldevi). Over time, the goddess manifested as Joganiya Mata, especially during a significant royal wedding in Bambavadagarh, where she is believed to have appeared in a unique form.

From Annapurna to Joganiya- The Transformation

According to local lore.

• During the wedding of Deva Hada’s daughter, Annapurna Mata assumed the form of Goddess Joganiya.
• Initially, she was not recognized and received little honor, leading her to take the form of a beautiful woman to assert her divine presence.
• This divine intervention is said to have influenced political dynamics among the Hada rulers.

Legends and State Formation

The legend narrates that seeing the goddess in her Joganiya form.

• Caused internal conflict among the kings.
• Led Deva Hada to be injured and lose his kingdom temporarily.
• Later, Annapurna Mata blessed the Hada lineage by appearing as Joganiya Mata, giving them legitimacy and spiritual sanction to establish rule in Bundi.

Naming of the Temple

Following this divine appearance and blessing, the deity came to be known as Joganiya Mata, and her worship began in this specific form. The temple in Chittorgarh now carries forward this rich legacy, attracting devotees from across Rajasthan and neighboring regions.

Ancient Rituals and Their Transformation

Historically, rituals at the temple were intense and symbolic, reflecting the devotion of the Hada rulers and the local populace.

• Tongue offering: Devotees would cut their tongue to fulfill vows—a dangerous practice abolished in 1896 by the then ruler of Begoo.
• Animal sacrifices: Practices involving buffaloes, goats, and chickens continued until 1974, when local reformers and authorities finally ended the ritual.

Tongue Offering: A Dangerous Practice

The tongue-cutting ritual was seen as a supreme act of devotion. Devotees believed that offering their tongue would secure divine blessings. However, recognizing its lethal risks, the practice was discontinued in the late 19th century.

Animal Sacrifices and Social Reforms

Animal sacrifices were integral to the temple rituals for centuries. These were seen as:

• Expressions of gratitude upon fulfillment of vows.
• Means to appease the goddess for continued protection and prosperity.

By 1974, due to social awareness and reformist movements, these practices were abolished, making the temple a safer and more spiritually inclusive space.

Modern-Day Worship at the Temple

Today, the Joganiya Mata temple is a peaceful pilgrimage site:

• Thousands of devotees visit annually from Rajasthan and nearby states.
• Offerings now include flowers, sweets, and symbolic rituals rather than harmful practices.
• The temple has become a center for cultural preservation and religious education.

Other Deities Within the Complex

The temple complex also hosts.

• A Shivling representing Lord Shiva.
• A Bhairav temple symbolizing protection.
• Statues representing 64 divine forms of Joganiya Mata, allowing devotees to worship various aspects of the goddess.

Pilgrimage and Devotee Practices

Modern devotees follow practices that emphasize spiritual connection and community welfare:

• Lighting lamps and performing prayers for family well-being.
• Celebrating festivals in honor of Joganiya Mata with music, dance, and communal feasts.
• Observing traditional rituals that are safe, ethical, and inclusive.

Preserving Spiritual Heritage

The Joganiya Mata history is a remarkable blend of legend, devotion, and social evolution. From dangerous rituals like tongue offerings and animal sacrifices to a peaceful, inclusive temple complex, the site embodies Rajasthan’s spiritual resilience.

Today, Joganiya Mata continues to inspire faith, cultural pride, and historical awareness, making it one of the most revered pilgrimage sites in Chittorgarh district.

Colombia,Sep.25,2025:The Colombia condemns US drug boat attacks headline reflects a deepening tension between Bogotá and Washington over anti-narcotics operations. Key highlights include-

• President Petro labeled the attacks “tyrannical actions” in the Caribbean Sea.
• If Colombian citizens were killed, Petro insists on criminal investigations against US officials.
• US President Donald Trump defends the strikes as necessary to curb fentanyl and other drugs entering the United States.
• Allegedly, 17 deaths have occurred since the strikes began this month.

President Gustavo Petro’s Statements

Gustavo Petro, speaking to Media , said.

“If you can stop the boat and arrest the crew, why launch missiles? This is called murder.”

Petro’s statement challenges the morality and legality of unilateral US actions in international waters and emphasizes the right to national sovereignty.

US Justification for the Attacks

From the American perspective, these operations are part of a broader anti-drug strategy. President Donald Trump has argued that:

• The strikes prevent fentanyl and other narcotics from entering US borders.
• The Caribbean Sea is a major route for illegal drug trafficking.
• Military intervention is necessary to dismantle high-risk trafficking networks.

However, the Colombia condemns US drug boat attacks headline underscores the growing tension over whether these methods are proportional or lawful.

Deaths and Allegations

Reports indicate that at least 17 people have died during the recent airstrikes. Colombian authorities and human rights groups are concerned that some victims may be Colombian citizens.

This raises critical questions.

• Are US strikes violating international human rights law?
• Should US officials face criminal accountability if Colombian citizens are killed?

Petro emphasized the importance of justice and transparency, arguing that sovereignty cannot be overridden in the name of security.

Legal Experts Question Compliance with International Law

Legal scholars and members of parliament have questioned whether the US attacks comply with international law.

• The use of missiles against civilian-crewed boats may constitute excessive force.
• Human rights conventions could be violated if the attacks are indiscriminate.
• The principle of national sovereignty is a cornerstone of international maritime law.

Experts argue that the Colombia condemns US drug boat attacks headline is not just rhetoric but reflects a real legal and ethical challenge to US operations.

Historical Context of US-Drug Enforcement in the Caribbean

The US has a long history of anti-drug interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean, including.

• Colombia’s long-standing Plan Colombia in the early 2000s.
• Surveillance and interdiction missions in the Caribbean Sea.
• Military support to curb cocaine and fentanyl trafficking networks.

The Colombia condemns US drug boat attacks headline reflects a shift where host nations are questioning the scope and methods of US intervention.

Potential Diplomatic Fallout

Tensions could escalate diplomatically.

• Colombia may demand formal explanations and reparations.
• Washington risks facing criticism from Latin American neighbors.
• Future anti-drug cooperation could be strained if sovereignty concerns are not addressed.

International Reactions and Calls for Accountability

The Colombia condemns US drug boat attacks reaction has drawn attention worldwide:

• Human rights organizations call for transparent investigations.
• Regional governments emphasize respect for sovereignty.
• International law experts warn that such actions could set a dangerous precedent for maritime operations.

Colombia’s Proposed Actions and Investigations

President Petro has indicated that Colombia will.

• Launch investigations to determine if Colombian citizens were killed.
• Consider criminal action against US officials if evidence supports violations.
• Strengthen oversight of international interventions in Colombian waters.

Geopolitical Implications for the Americas

The Colombia condemns US drug boat attacks headline underscores wider geopolitical concerns.

• Latin American countries are asserting greater control over their maritime territories.
• US anti-drug policies may face legal and diplomatic pushback.
• Regional cooperation may need new frameworks to balance security and sovereignty.

Future of US-Colombia Cooperation in Anti-Drug Efforts

While cooperation may continue, the tone has shifted.

• Colombia will insist on joint operations with oversight.
• Washington may need to recalibrate its tactics to avoid human rights violations.
• Trust-building measures are necessary for a sustainable anti-drug partnership.

Conclusion: Sovereignty vs. Security

The Colombia condemns US drug boat attacks statement is a critical reminder that national sovereignty and human rights cannot be sacrificed in the name of security.

As President Petro asserted, stopping a boat and arresting its crew is sufficient; launching missiles crosses a moral and legal boundary. The coming months will reveal whether international law, diplomacy, and accountability can prevent further escalation in the Caribbean.

Iran,Sep.25,2025: The Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement signals a remarkable shift in the geopolitics of West Asia. President Masoud Pezeshkian welcomed the pact, emphasizing-

• It is the beginning of a comprehensive security system in the region.
• Muslim countries must cooperate in political, security, and defense matters.
• Security cannot be guaranteed through force but through trust-building and regional connectivity.
• Multilateralism and unity are the cornerstones of lasting peace.

Why Iran Welcomed the Saudi-Pakistan Defense Pact

Iran’s positive stance on the defense deal is significant because, historically, Tehran and Riyadh have often been on opposite sides of regional conflicts. The Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement marks a rare moment of alignment, where Tehran views Riyadh’s partnership with Islamabad as an opportunity for.

• Reducing tensions in the Persian Gulf and South Asia.
• Strengthening Islamic solidarity.
• Counterbalancing external powers’ influence in the region.

Iran’s Vision for Security Without Force

At the UNGA, President Pezeshkian declared that.

“Security cannot be ensured through the use of force. It requires restoring trust, enhancing regional connectivity, and fostering multilateral unity.”

This aligns with the Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement, as it underscores dialogue and partnership rather than militarization.

Iran’s Firm Condemnation

Another focal point of Pezeshkian’s speech was the Israeli attack on Doha, Qatar earlier this month. He condemned the strike as an unjust act against regional peace and stability.

By linking this condemnation with the Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement, Tehran is attempting to show consistency: opposing aggression while promoting cooperative security.

 “Iran Never Sought Nuclear Weapons”

Addressing global concerns, President Pezeshkian reiterated.

“Iran has never sought to acquire nuclear weapons, and it never will.”

This assurance reinforces Tehran’s commitment to peaceful development and aligns with its positive stance in the Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement.

Regional Implications of Saudi-Pakistan Defense Agreement

The Saudi-Pakistan deal, welcomed by Iran, could reshape regional security:

• It may balance power in South Asia and the Middle East.
• It promotes joint training, intelligence-sharing, and defense manufacturing.
• It could deter external interference by non-regional powers.

A Turning Point

The Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement reflects a wider call for Muslim unity. For decades, divisions among Islamic nations have weakened collective bargaining power. A collaborative defense pact signals a turning point in creating stronger political and security ties.

Global Reactions to Iran’s Statement

While regional media welcomed Iran’s stance, Western analysts remain cautious. Some view Tehran’s comments as an attempt to rebuild trust after years of sanctions and diplomatic isolation. Others suggest Iran’s support signals a strategic shift toward multilateralism.

Comparison with Past Iran-Saudi Relations

Historically, Iran and Saudi Arabia have had strained relations due to.

• Proxy conflicts in Yemen and Syria.
• Rivalry over leadership of the Islamic world.
• Diplomatic breakdowns after the 2016 embassy crisis.

However, since the China-brokered rapprochement in 2023, the two powers have slowly rebuilt trust. The Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement continues this trajectory.

Challenges to Regional Security Cooperation

Despite optimism, challenges remain.

• Historical mistrust among regional powers.
• Ongoing conflicts involving non-state actors.
• Pressure from Western alliances to limit Iran’s influence.
• Economic disparities among Muslim nations.

Can This Agreement Transform West Asia

The Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement could lay the groundwork for:

• A regional defense architecture led by Muslim nations.
• Reduced reliance on external military powers.
• Enhanced trade, energy, and infrastructure cooperation.

If successful, it may reshape the security map of West Asia and South Asia for decades.

Toward a Multi polar Security Order

The Iran reaction Saudi Arabia Pakistan defense agreement is more than a diplomatic gesture. It is a symbolic shift toward Muslim unity, regional cooperation, and rejection of force as a tool for security.

Iran’s warm response, coupled with Saudi-Pakistani collaboration, could pave the way for a multi polar security system where regional powers play the leading role in ensuring peace and stability.

As President Pezeshkian noted, trust, unity, and coo

New Delhi,Sep.25,2025:PM Modi connected self-reliance with the broader target of making India a developed nation by 2047–

The PM Modi India self-reliance statement carried several strong messages.

• India cannot afford to depend on external powers for growth.
• Despite global disruptions, India’s economic growth remains “attractive.”
• India is determined to strengthen its foundation for decades.
• From semiconductors to shipping, India wants to build everything domestically.
• Atmanirbhar Bharat is not just a slogan, but a national mission.

India’s Vision for 2047 A Developed Nation

PM Modi connected self-reliance with the broader target of making India a developed nation by 2047, when the country celebrates 100 years of independence.

According to him, every disruption in global trade or politics should be seen as an opportunity:

“Disruptions don’t divert us. Instead, we discover new directions.”

This reflects the government’s approach of turning crises into opportunities, especially during COVID-19 when India boosted domestic production of PPE kits, vaccines, and medical equipment.

Why Self-Reliance is Crucial in Today’s Global Landscape

The PM Modi India self-reliance statement comes at a time when:

• The Russia-Ukraine war has disrupted global energy and food supplies.
• Tensions in the Indo-Pacific are reshaping trade routes.
• Countries are prioritizing domestic manufacturing for resilience.

For India, reducing dependence on imports in critical areas like electronics, defence, and energy is key to maintaining strategic autonomy.

“Chip to Ship” – What PM Modi Means by Complete Value Chains

One of the most striking parts of the PM Modi India self-reliance statement was his call to produce everything “from chip to ship” in India.

This phrase emphasizes:

• Building a semiconductor ecosystem domestically.
• Expanding electronics manufacturing hubs.
• Strengthening the shipping and logistics industry.

It is not just about producing goods but also about owning the entire value chain, reducing vulnerabilities in global supply disruptions.

India vs. Global Trade Barriers – The 50% US Tariff Challenge

Currently, Indian exports face steep tariffs, with the United States imposing 50% duties on certain products.

This makes self-reliance even more critical. Instead of being restricted by foreign markets, India must strengthen domestic consumption and regional partnerships.

Atmanirbhar Bharat- Progress Made So Far

Since 2020, the Atmanirbhar Bharat mission has been driving India’s policies. Achievements include:

• Rise in defence exports (from ₹1,500 crore in 2016 to over ₹21,000 crore in 2023).
• PLI schemes boosting smartphone and electronics production.
• Green energy expansion, making India a global leader in renewables.
• Start-up ecosystem crossing 100 unicorns.

The PM Modi India self-reliance statement builds on these successes, projecting a confident roadmap for the next two decades.

Experts React to PM Modi India Self-Reliance Statement

Economic and defence experts largely welcomed the speech.

Dr. Arvind Virmani, member of NITI Aayog, told The Economic Times:

“Self-reliance doesn’t mean isolation. It means building capabilities while staying connected to global supply chains.”

Former Army Chief General V.P. Malik highlighted that a strong domestic industry also ensures strategic autonomy in defence.

How Self-Reliance Links to India’s Economic Growth

The PM Modi India self-reliance statement is not only about nationalism; it is also about economic logic:

• India imports goods worth over $600 billion annually.
• Reducing this dependency can save foreign exchange.
• Domestic production creates jobs for millions.
• A strong industrial base attracts global investors.

In essence, self-reliance strengthens both GDP growth and social stability.

Challenges India Must Overcome to Achieve the Vision

While the vision is bold, challenges remain.

• Dependence on foreign technology in semiconductors.
• Infrastructure bottlenecks in ports and logistics.
• Need for skilled workforce in advanced industries.
• Balancing environmental sustainability with industrial growth.

Without addressing these, the PM Modi India self-reliance statement risks becoming aspirational rather than achievable.

Global Comparisons of Self-Reliance Efforts

Other nations are also pursuing self-reliance:

• China has doubled down on domestic manufacturing under “Made in China 2025.”
• USA is reshoring industries under the CHIPS Act.
• Japan is investing heavily in supply chain resilience.

India’s efforts, as outlined in the PM Modi India self-reliance statement, put it in sync with global trends while maintaining its democratic and open-market character.

A Strong India in an Uncertain World

The PM Modi India self-reliance statement is more than just political rhetoric. It is a strategic declaration that India will not be held back by global disruptions or external dependencies.

By strengthening its domestic capabilities — from chip to ship — India is laying the groundwork for its Vision 2047.

In PM Modi’s words, self-reliance is both a mantra and a mission. The coming decades will reveal how effectively India can translate this philosophy into reality, shaping its destiny as a developed and resilient global power.

New Delhi,Sep.25,2025:General Anil Chauhan is a decorated officer with over four decades of service in the Indian Army. Born in 1961, he is currently 64 years old and was appointed as the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) on September 30, 2022–

Apart from being the CDS, he also serves as the Secretary of the Department of Military Affairs (DMA), a crucial wing of the Ministry of Defence. His military career has been defined by leadership in counter-insurgency operations, strategic planning, and modernization of armed forces.

General Anil Chauhan CDS Tenure Extension Announcement

The General Anil Chauhan CDS tenure extension was confirmed by the Ministry of Defence on Wednesday. According to the statement, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) approved the extension.

The official release stated.

“General Anil Chauhan will continue as the Chief of Defence Staff and Secretary, Department of Military Affairs, until 30 May 2026 or until further orders.”

This means his tenure has effectively been extended by nearly 20 months, giving him ample time to oversee long-term reforms and operational preparedness.

Why the Extension Matters for India’s Defence Strategy

Continuity in military leadership is critical, especially at a time when India faces multiple security challenges.

• Border tensions with China along the Line of Actual Control (LAC).
• Counter-terror operations in Jammu and Kashmir.
• Enhancing defence preparedness in the Indo-Pacific region.
• Accelerating jointness among the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

The General Anil Chauhan CDS tenure extension provides stability to these processes and ensures that reforms initiated in the last two years continue without disruption.

Key Responsibilities of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS)

The CDS is India’s top military officer and acts as the principal military advisor to the Defence Minister. His primary roles include:

• Promoting jointness among the three armed services.
• Driving theatre command reforms.
• Streamlining defence procurement.
• Overseeing training, logistics, and capability development.
• Representing India in strategic military dialogues globally.

With his tenure extended, General Chauhan is expected to accelerate progress in all these areas.

Cabinet Approval and Political Backing

The decision reflects the strong backing General Chauhan enjoys from the political leadership. The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, gave its formal nod.

This political endorsement shows that the government wants long-term military reforms to be led by an experienced hand who has already built momentum since 2022.

General Chauhan’s Achievements Since 2022

Since taking charge in September 2022, General Chauhan has.

• Advanced work on theatre commands, aimed at integrated joint operations.
• Strengthened civil-military synergy through the Department of Military Affairs.
• Promoted indigenisation in defence procurement, aligned with the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative.
• Enhanced cooperation with allies through international defence exercises.
• Oversaw critical counter-insurgency operations in the northeast.

Impact on India’s Military Reforms and Joint Operations

Military analysts believe the General Anil Chauhan CDS tenure extension gives India the rare opportunity to see through structural reforms without leadership disruption.

Some of the reforms General Chauhan is spearheading include.

• Establishing Integrated Theatre Commands.
• Restructuring forces for better resource optimisation.
• Modernising forces with a focus on cyber and space warfare.
• Coordinating joint training and logistics across services.

These reforms are complex and require time — something the extension now guarantees.

Reactions from Defence Experts and Veterans

Defence experts have largely welcomed the move. Retired Lt. Gen. D.S. Hooda commented in an interview with The Hindu.

“The extension ensures continuity at a critical juncture. The reforms underway are long-term, and this move prevents any disruption.”

Similarly, former Navy Chief Admiral Arun Prakash noted that stability in leadership is essential to maintain India’s deterrence against regional adversaries.

Comparing CDS Tenures Globally

Globally, the concept of a Chief of Defence Staff exists in several nations, including the United States (Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff) and the United Kingdom.

In many of these countries, CDS tenures are longer to ensure consistency in reforms. India extending General Chauhan’s tenure until 2026 aligns with global best practices.

What This Means for India’s National Security Until 2026

With the General Anil Chauhan CDS tenure extension, India’s national security strategy until 2026 is expected to focus on.

1. Theatre Command Rollout – ensuring integrated commands become operational.
2. Indigenisation Drive – boosting Made-in-India defence equipment.
3. Cyber & Space Capabilities – preparing for future warfare.
4. Border Security – continued vigilance along China and Pakistan borders.
5. Global Defence Diplomacy – stronger partnerships with the U.S., France, Japan, and QUAD allies.

The General Anil Chauhan CDS tenure extension is more than just a personnel decision — it is a strategic step to safeguard India’s defence reforms and national security in a volatile region.