New Delhi,Oct.18,2025:Diwali, the festival of lights, is synonymous with the joy of sharing sweets with loved ones. However, the festive season also sees a surge in the sale of sweets, leading to increased instances of adulteration. Consumers often unknowingly purchase adulterated sweets, which can pose serious health risks. This article aims to educate consumers on how to detect adulteration in Diwali sweets through simple home tests, ensuring a safe and joyous celebration-

Common Adulterants in Diwali Sweets

Several substances are commonly used to adulterate sweets during Diwali-

• Starch: Added to khoya (mawa) to increase volume.
• Detergents: Used to whiten milk and create foam.
• Synthetic Milk: Contains harmful chemicals like urea and detergent.
• Artificial Colores: Used to enhance the appearance of sweets.
• Aluminium Foil: Substituted for silver foil on sweets.
• Synthetic Honey: Mixed with sugar syrup to mimic pure honey.

Simple Home Tests to Detect Adulteration

Milk Adulteration Tests

1. Water Test: Place a drop of milk on a polished or slanting surface. If it moves slowly and leaves behind a white trail, your milk is likely pure. If it flows quickly without leaving any mark, it may be mixed with water.
2. Detergent Test: Mix equal parts of milk and water in a clean bottle. Shake well. If it produces thick, foamy bubbles like soap, it could contain detergent, one of the most common adulterants. Pure milk forms only a thin frothy layer.
3. Starch Test: Add a few drops of iodine solution to your milk sample. If the liquid turns blue, it means starch is present, added to thicken diluted milk and make it look creamier.
4. Texture Test: Rub a few drops between your fingers. Adulterated milk feels slippery or soapy. Upon boiling, it may turn yellowish and leave a bitter or chemical aftertaste.

Khoya (Mawa) Purity Tests

1. Dissolution Test: Dissolve a small piece of khoya in water and heat it. Pure khoya will dissolve smoothly, while adulterated versions may show residue or strange textures.
2. Iodine Test: Add a few drops of iodine solution to a small amount of khoya. If the colour changes to blue, starch is present, indicating adulteration.
3. Sulfuric Acid Test: Place a small amount of khoya in a container and add a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. A change in colour can indicate the presence of harmful chemicals.

Ghee Purity Tests

1. Iodine Test: Take a small amount of ghee in a transparent glass container. Add 2-3 drops of iodine solution. If the colour changes to blue, it indicates the presence of starch or other adulterants.
2. Texture Test: Pure ghee has a granular texture and melts at room temperature. If the ghee feels greasy or has an unusual texture, it may be adulterated.

Honey Purity Tests

1. Water Test: Place a drop of honey in a glass of water. If it dissolves quickly, it may be adulterated with sugar syrup. Pure honey will settle at the bottom.
2. Flame Test: Dip a cotton wick into honey and light it. If the honey is pure, the wick will burn without producing smoke. Adulterated honey may not burn properly. Sugar and Jaggery Purity Tests

1. Chalk Powder Test: Dissolve a small amount of sugar or jaggery in water. If chalk powder is present, it will settle at the bottom.
2. Acid Test: Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid to a sample of sugar or jaggery. A change in colour indicates the presence of harmful substances. Silver Foil Purity Tests

1. Rubbing Test: Take a small piece of silver foil and rub it between your fingers. If it turns into a powder, it is pure silver. If it remains intact or forms beads, it may contain aluminium.
2. Burn Test: Burn a small piece of silver foil. If it burns completely, it is pure silver. If it leaves behind a residue, it may be adulterated.

• Saffron Purity Tests

1. Water Test: Place a few strands of saffron in a glass of warm water. Pure saffron will release its colour slowly, while artificial saffron will release colour quickly and may have a chemical odor.
2. Burn Test: Burn a strand of saffron. Pure saffron will burn completely, leaving no residue. Artificial saffron may leave behind a residue or produce a chemical odor.

Health Risks of Consuming Adulterated Sweets

Consuming adulterated sweets can lead to various health issues, including-

• Digestive Problems: Adulterants like starch and detergents can cause bloating, diarrhea, and nausea.
• Allergic Reactions: Artificial colours and chemicals can trigger allergies and skin reactions.
• Long-Term Health Issues: Consuming harmful chemicals over time can lead to liver and kidney damage, and increase the risk of cancer.

Government Initiatives and Consumer Awareness

To combat the issue of adulteration, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has launched various initiatives-

• Surveillance and Monitoring: Regular inspections and raids are conducted to check for adulteration in sweets and other food items.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: FSSAI conducts campaigns to educate consumers about the risks of adulteration and how to detect it.
• Helpline Services: Consumers can report adulterated products through FSSAI’s helpline and WhatsApp services.

This Diwali, ensure the safety of your festive treats by conducting simple home tests to detect adulteration in sweets. By being vigilant and informed, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from the health risks associated with adulterated food. Remember, a little caution goes a long way in ensuring a sweet and safe celebration.

Vrindavan, Oct.18,2025:In a momentous event that has captivated the hearts of devotees and historians alike, the Banke Bihari Temple in Vrindavan has reopened its basement, known as the toshkhana, after a hiatus of 54 years. This unprecedented move has not only unveiled historical artifacts but also reignited discussions about the temple’s rich heritage and the treasures it houses-

Historical Significance of the Banke Bihari Temple

Established in 1864, the Banke Bihari Temple is one of Vrindavan’s most revered shrines, dedicated to Lord Krishna in his combined form with Radha. The temple’s sanctum sanctorum, where the deity resides, has always been a focal point of spiritual devotion. Beneath this sanctum lies the toshkhana, a basement that has remained sealed since 1971, preserving its secrets for over five decades.

The Reopening of the Toshkhana

The decision to open the toshkhana was made by a High-Powered Committee formed under a Supreme Court order. This committee comprises judicial officials, temple management representatives, and members of the Goswami community, ensuring a balanced and transparent process. The reopening coincided with the auspicious occasion of Dhanteras, a day symbolizing wealth and prosperity, adding to the event’s spiritual significance.

Treasures Discovered

Upon opening the toshkhana, the committee discovered a wooden chest containing several invaluable items-

• Peacock Necklace: Crafted from emeralds, this necklace is believed to be a royal offering.
• Sahasra Phani: A silver sculpture of the mythical serpent Sheshnag.
• Navratnas: Nine precious gemstones arranged in a golden vessel.
• Historical Documents: Letters, land deeds, and records of donations from the Bharatpur, Karauli, and Gwalior kingdoms.
• These artifacts not only hold immense monetary value but also offer insights into the temple’s historical connections and the devotion of past patrons.

Role of the High-Powered Committee

The committee overseeing the reopening process played a crucial role in ensuring the event’s integrity. Their responsibilities included-

• Supervision: Overseeing the physical opening of the toshkhana.
• Documentation: Ensuring the entire process was videographed for transparency.
• Security: Implementing stringent measures to protect the artifacts and maintain order.
• Public Communication: Providing updates to the public and addressing any concerns.

Their meticulous approach has been instrumental in maintaining the sanctity and transparency of the event.

Security Measures and Media Restrictions

Given the historical and religious importance of the toshkhana, strict security protocols were enforced during its reopening. Media personnel were restricted from entering the premises to prevent any potential disturbances. Only authorized individuals, including members of the High-Powered Committee and select temple officials, were permitted access. This approach ensured that the sanctity of the event was preserved and that the artifacts remained undisturbed.

Public Reaction and Devotional Sentiment

The reopening of the toshkhana has elicited a wave of emotions among the public. Devotees view this event as a divine blessing, a tangible connection to the temple’s storied past. Many believe that the treasures symbolize the enduring grace of Lord Krishna and the unwavering devotion of his followers.

Local residents and pilgrims have expressed their joy and reverence, with many visiting the temple to offer prayers and witness the historic moment. The event has also sparked discussions about the preservation of religious heritage and the importance of transparency in managing sacred sites.

The reopening of the Banke Bihari Temple’s toshkhana after 54 years marks a significant chapter in the temple’s illustrious history. It not only unveils hidden treasures but also reaffirms the temple’s role as a beacon of faith and devotion. As devotees continue to flock to Vrindavan, the temple stands as a testament to the enduring legacy of Lord Krishna and the rich cultural heritage of India.

Jaipur, Oct.18,2025:India is in the midst of a rapid transition toward electric mobility, especially in public transport. Electric buses are increasingly being deployed under schemes such as the PM-eBus Sewa programme which aims to put large numbers of e-buses into service across cities-

PMI Electro Mobility Solutions, the company in question, is already a significant player in this segment: it reported a substantial order book of over 3,000 electric buses, and has secured investments of ₹250 crore or more in recent rounds.

For Rajasthan, a state that has traditionally relied on industries such as textiles, mining, and tourism, this marks a shift toward green industrial manufacturing — aligning with global trends and the demands of sustainable mobility. The arrival of an electric bus manufacturing facility can be a linchpin in the state’s development strategy.

Key components of the investment

Land and investment

• The land allotment is for 65.56 acres (2,65,329 sq m) in the Ghiloth industrial area, Rajasthan.
• The land value is estimated at around ₹208 crore just for the land component.
• The full investment plan stands at around ₹1,200 crore.
• The unit is set up by PMI Electro Mobility Solutions Pvt Ltd under the aegis of RIICO, based on an MoU signed at the Rising Rajasthan Investment Summit.

Manufacturing focus

• The plant will likely focus on electric bus manufacturing (and possibly support infrastructure) — leveraging PMI Electro’s experience in producing 7-, 9- and 12-metre electric buses.
• Supporting this manufacturing hub will be ancillary ecosystem growth: components, supply chain, charging infrastructure, skilled workforce.

Jobs & regional impact

• The project is expected to create employment for over 500 people initially.
• Beyond direct jobs, numerous indirect jobs (supply chain, logistics, services) will follow — amplifying the economic effect in the region.
• The location in Ghiloth places industrial opportunity in a region that can benefit from manufacturing growth, helping balance regional development in Rajasthan.

Industrial land allotment & RIICO’s role

The allocation of industrial land and the speed with which it is being done underscores RIICO’s evolving role in enabling investment.

• RIICO (Rajasthan State Industrial Development & Investment Corporation Ltd) is the apex industrial infrastructure body in the state.
• The recent Direct Land Allotment Scheme launched by RIICO has accelerated the process of land allocation to companies holding MoUs from the Rising Rajasthan summit.
• Under such schemes, the corporation is allotting land parcels to investors in a fast-track, transparent and merit-based process, significantly boosting investor confidence.
• The fact that this electric bus manufacturing facility has been allocated 65.56 acres via such a mechanism reflects the state’s commitment to making industrial land both available and accessible.

In short, the land deal is emblematic of how policy, industrial infrastructure and investment strategy are aligning in Rajasthan.

Jobs, economy, environment

Economic and employment boost

• The direct employment of 500+ people means a strong base of skilled and semi-skilled jobs in manufacturing, engineering, quality control, assembly, and testing.
• The upstream and downstream supply chain (components, battery manufacturing, wiring harnesses, vehicle interiors, charging infrastructure) will provide further job opportunities in the region.
• The ₹1,200 crore investment will ripple through the local economy — creating demand for services (logistics, real estate, training institutes) and raising incomes.

Green transport and environmental benefits

• Electric buses significantly reduce tail-pipe emissions compared to diesel/bio-fuel buses — lowering particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and noise pollution.
• By anchoring manufacturing of electric buses in Rajasthan, the state becomes part of the supply chain for clean transport — aligning with India’s net-zero ambitions.
• The project sends a strong signal that Rajasthan is serious about “green factories” and sustainable industry.

Regional industrial development

• The Ghiloth industrial area, by hosting a large­scale manufacturing facility, will benefit from improved infrastructure (roads, power connectivity, water supply).
• The upgrade can attract other manufacturing firms to cluster around, creating an industrial ecosystem rather than an isolated unit.
• For Rajasthan, traditionally less industrialised compared to some western and southern states, this investment helps diversify industrial base and attract newer sectors.

Rajasthan’s e-mobility vision

Aligning with national policy

India’s shift to electric mobility, especially in public transport, is gathering momentum. With central schemes and incentives for electric buses and charging infrastructure (such as FAME II), states that position themselves early stand to gain. PMI Electro itself has been part of that national trajectory.

Rajasthan’s industrial policy momentum

• The Rising Rajasthan Investment Summit (and subsequent packages) marked a deliberate push by the state to attract high-impact investments.
• With the Direct Land Allotment scheme, RIICO is ensuring that MoUs translate into actual land and units — a common bottleneck in many states.
• The focus on e-mobility manufacturing gives Rajasthan an FDI-friendly, export-oriented, future-facing industry to champion.

Creating an e-mobility hub

By anchoring the manufacturing of electric buses — a high technology, high investment, large-scale production sector — Rajasthan is moving toward becoming an e-mobility hub rather than just a final assembly location. The cluster potential is immense: battery manufacturing, components, software for vehicle management, charging infrastructure, recycling.

For Rajasthan, this means the next step beyond solar and wind (in which the state already has scale) — now manufacturing and mobility become key pillars.

Challenges ahead & mitigation

Infrastructure readiness

Large manufacturing requires stable power, high-quality water, effective logistics (road/rail), and skilled workforce. While Rajasthan has improved infrastructure, the ensuring of such large-scale readiness in Ghiloth will need continuous monitoring.

Supply chain localisation

Manufacturing electric buses requires sourcing specialised components (batteries, electric drivetrains, control systems). Currently many are imported or concentrated in other states. Rajasthan must work with industry bodies to inject supply-chain localisation and skills training.

Skilled workforce availability

Creating 500+ jobs is significant, but sustaining a skilled workforce for EV manufacturing demands training institutes, vocational programmes and industry-academia linkages. The state needs to build those ecosystems.

Market and demand risk

While the investment is strong, the global EV market is competitive and subject to technology shifts (battery tech, regulatory changes). Ensuring the manufacturing unit remains agile and cost-competitive will be key.

Environmental compliance & sustainability

Large manufacturing also comes with environmental responsibilities (waste management, emissions, material sourcing). Rajasthan and the company must adopt sustainable practices early to avoid regulatory/compliance setbacks.

What’s next

Timeline for commencement

While the land allotment is confirmed, next steps include land development, construction of the manufacturing plant, obtaining clearances, machinery purchase, workforce recruitment, and beginning phased production. The time to first bus roll-out will be important to watch.

Ecosystem build-up

We should expect cluster announcements — suppliers for batteries, electric bus components, electronics, charging infrastructure — creating a network around the main manufacturing unit.

Export and scale opportunities

With manufacturing scale up, Rajasthan may not just cater to domestic demand but also export electric buses or components. That could further enhance the state’s industrial profile.

Training and certification hubs

To feed the workforce demand, training institutions (polytechnics, industry-certified programmes) may spring up in the region, creating a sustainable skill base.

Policy and incentive alignment

The Rajasthan government may provide additional incentives (tax breaks, subsidised land, power tariffs) for e-mobility manufacturing. Monitoring how policy evolves will be critical to observing the full impact.

The electric bus manufacturing boom in Rajasthan is a bold and timely development — combining large-scale investment, land infrastructure enabled by RIICO, manufacturing focus, and a green mobility vision. With ₹1,200 crore riding on it and over 500 jobs expected, this project signals that Rajasthan is not just opening doors to industry — it’s pivoting to the future of sustainable transport manufacturing.

Jaipur, Oct.18.18,2025:The Jaipur Police Journalist Arrest centres on the detention of two men — Anand Pandey and Harish Divekar — from Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. According to police statements, they worked for the web-portal “The Sootr” (also referred to as “The Sutra”) and ran a series of news items against Diya Kumari, Deputy Chief Minister of Rajasthan. The portal allegedly demanded ₹5 crore to remove the content and commit to non-publication of future items-

The complaint reportedly states-

• A dozen or so news items were published in the previous month targeting the Deputy CM, allegedly false and defamatory.
• The accused contacted individuals associated with the Deputy CM, demanding large sums to “take down” the stories and promise not to run further ones.
• If demand was not met, they threatened a campaign dubbed “Destroy Diya”.
• Technical and witness evidence obtained by Jaipur Police purportedly shows the reports lacked factual basis. In short: The Jaipur Police Journalist Arrest marks a major law-enforcement action linking media practices, alleged fake reports and extortion demands.

Who are the accused and what’s the background

Anand Pandey & Harish Divekar

According to the articles-

• Anand Pandey is identified as Editor-in-Chief of the portal.
• Harish Divekar is reported as Managing Editor of the same news website.
• Portal & operations

• The portal “The Sootr” (or “The Sutra”) reportedly ran items labelled under titles such as “Diya tale andhera (darkness under the lamp)” — a play on the Deputy CM’s name.
• The complaint suggests the web-portal had been systematically publishing false items and then threatening further publication unless payment was made.
• One official statement said: “ Investigation revealed the news broadcast was not based on facts… the accused had made an illegal demand of Rs 5 crore…” From the accused side, the portal’s spokesperson claimed their reporting was backed by documentation and facts, and described the arrest as “shocking and unlawful” and an attempt to intimidate independent journalism.

Geographic & jurisdictional detail

• The accused were detained in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, and will be brought to Jaipur for further investigation.
• The complaint was lodged at Karni Vihar police station in Jaipur.

FIR, charges and evidence

What FIR/charges

• The FIR reportedly invokes sections related to defamation (BNS 356), extortion (308), making/publishing false statement or report via electronic means (353) as well as sections under the Information Technology Act.
• Key investigative steps by Jaipur Police: Recording witness statements, obtaining technical data on web-content, verifying that the news items lacked basis.

Evidence & process

• Technical data: The police say they obtained digital footprints (web-portal logs/metadata) to establish the items were not factual.
• Witness / victim statements: Inputs from the complainant and others who purportedly were approached for payment.
• Arrest/detention: The accused have been detained and will be brought to Jaipur for further questioning with other associated individuals.

Jurisdictional nuance

Since the accused were in Bhopal and the portal is based in Madhya Pradesh, but the complaint and targeted individual are in Rajasthan, the case spans two states. Inter-state procedures and coordination between state police forces are triggered.

Political & media ramifications

Political dimension

• The target of the campaign and alleged extortion was Deputy CM Diya Kumari of Rajasthan. The use of her name, reputation and political office escalates the matter beyond a typical media dispute.
• The very phrase “Destroy Diya” underscores the combative and political tone alleged in the campaign.
• For Rajasthan’s government, the incident raises questions of how to manage media criticism, differentiate between legitimate journalism and defamation/extortion, and maintain the rule of law.

Media ethic & press freedom

• The accused portal claimed they were simply exercising independent journalism and alleged the police action was “an attempt to silence independent journalism”.
• On the flip side, authorities allege extortion and false reporting — which if true, undermine media credibility and ethics.
• The Jaipur Police Journalist Arrest thus sits at the fragile intersection of press freedom and media accountability.

Public perception & digital platforms

• In the digital age, web-portals and social media wield great power; allegations of using that power for extortion or defamation trigger public trust issues.
• The case may prompt stronger scrutiny of news portals with ambiguous governance structures.
• Platforms may face pressure for greater transparency, fact-checking and internal accountability.

Press freedom, fake news, extortion

Press freedom vs. misuse of media

The key tension is: when does critical journalism cross into defamation/extortion? The Jaipur Police Journalist Arrest forces stakeholders to ask:

• Are the charges genuinely about extortion and fake news, or partly about suppressing dissent?
• How can independent journalism be protected while curbing media misuse?

Fake news & digital misinformation

• The police contend the reports “were not based on facts”.
• In an era of viral content, false claims targeting public officials can damage reputations and public trust.
• Cases like this may catalyse stricter regulatory responses for digital media.

Extortion via media arms

• The core of the complaint is that the portal demanded money (₹5 crore) in exchange for non‐publication or deletion of content.
• If proven, this represents a hybrid crime: media façade plus extortion racket.
• Law‐enforcement and the judiciary may need to evolve frameworks for such hybridised violations.

Investigations, court process and stakeholders

Investigation trajectory

• Further investigation will examine other associates involved, examine technical logs in detail, and establish if more victims exist.
• The accused will be brought from Bhopal to Jaipur and likely face judicial custody or hearings in Rajasthan jurisdiction.

Legal proceedings

• Charges under defamation, extortion and IT law may proceed.
• Media organisations and journalist associations may intervene, especially if they view the arrests as precedent‐setting for press freedom.

Stakeholders

• Media houses will closely watch: the case may affect how web portals operate, editorial governance, and risk exposure.
• Politicians & public offices may demand stricter oversight of digital media.
• Legal experts will assess the interplay between media rights, defamation law, extortion statutes and IT regulation.

Key take-aways and lessons

• The Jaipur Police Journalist Arrest illustrates that media actions can now trigger criminal investigations when they intersect with extremities like extortion and fake news.
• For journalists and media portals: governance, documentation, and fact‐checking are no longer optional — lacking them exposes risk of legal liability.
• For law-makers and regulators: hybrid violations (media + extortion + digital) may call for updated regulatory frameworks.
• For citizens and readers: heightened alertness is needed to distinguish between genuine journalism and manipulated content with hidden agendas.
• Finally, the case underscores a broader truth: power dynamics between media, political office and law-enforcement are evolving — and accountability is increasingly in spotlight.

In sum, the Jaipur Police Journalist Arrest opens a multi-layered narrative about journalism, politics, digital media, law-enforcement and public accountability. As the investigation proceeds, it may serve as a landmark case in India’s evolving media and governance ecosystem.

New Delhi, Oct.18,2025:India Russia oil trade has suddenly become one of the most sensitive, high-stakes issues in international relations. With the U.S. administration under President Donald Trump explicitly linking trade, tariffs and energy policy, India finds itself caught between major partners. On the one hand sits the U.S. — its largest export destination — and on the other, Russia, a longstanding strategic and energy ally. The outcome of decisions around Indian crude imports from Russia could reshape global energy flows, trade alliances and geopolitical alignments-

Earlier this week, Trump claimed that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had assured him that India would stop buying oil from Russia.
At the same time, Indian officials denied that any such assurance was given, leaving Indian policy in limbo.
Against this backdrop, the imposition of a 50 % U.S. tariff on Indian imports—partly linked to India’s Russian oil purchases—has added economic urgency and diplomatic risk.

In this article, we unpack the five critical “power moves” shaping the India Russia oil trade issue: the immediate triggers, India’s strategic constraints, economic fallout, geopolitical balancing, and the scenarios ahead.

What triggered the U.S.–India stand-off

U.S. demands on oil and tariffs

The root cause of tension lies in how the U.S. views imports of Russian crude by India. Washington argues that purchases of Russian oil provide revenue that helps finance the war in Ukraine.

In August 2025, President Trump imposed a sweeping 50 % tariff on Indian goods, citing India’s continued Russian oil purchases as one of the reasons.
This measure marked a dramatic escalation in trade relations and made the India Russia oil trade not just a matter of energy policy, but a lever in U.S.–India economic diplomacy.

Why Russia-India oil links matter

India became one of the largest buyers of Russian seaborne crude after the Ukraine invasion, with discounts available to Indian refiners.
Russia has been a major defense, energy and strategic partner to India for decades — making any abrupt change in oil imports a delicate matter.

Thus the stage was set: India under pressure to curtail Russian oil buying, the U.S. using tariffs to force compliance, and India needing to protect its energy security interests. That is the context for the drama around India Russia oil trade.

Trump’s assertion and India’s reaction

Trump’s bold announcement

On 15 October 2025, Trump told reporters that Modi had assured him India would stop buying oil from Russia. He called it a “big step” and said, “I was not happy that India was buying oil … and he assured me today that they will not be buying oil from Russia.”
He added that the process would take time: “It’s a little bit of a process, but that process is going to be over with soon.”

Indian government’s push-back

Within hours, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesman Randhir Jaiswal said that as far as his knowledge went, no conversation between Modi and Trump had taken place that day.
India said its energy import policy is set with the objective of safeguarding the Indian consumer in a volatile energy scenario.
Thus, a direct contradiction emerged: Trump says Modi agreed, India says no such deal was made.

Implications of this discrepancy

• Trust between Washington and Delhi may suffer.
• India’s strategic autonomy is under scrutiny — are they bowing to U.S. demands?
• The markets, especially energy and trade sectors, face uncertainty.
  In short, the India Russia oil trade question is now a diplomatic flashpoint, not just a commercial one.

Why India cannot easily end Russian oil imports

Energy security and affordability

India draws about one-third of its crude oil imports from Russia.
India has emphasized that these imports are guided by domestic consumer interests and affordability in a volatile energy market.

Supply constraints and alternatives

Replacing Russian oil is easier said than done: India would need alternative crude sources, adjust refining arrangements, and potentially absorb higher costs.
In the short term, Indian refiners continue to process Russian cargoes and are locked into loading contracts for November/December.

Historical strategic partner

Russia and India’s relationship spans decades—from defense cooperation to nuclear and space partnerships. Terminating oil trade would ripple beyond energy into broader strategic domains.
India’s diplomatic posture emphasises “non-alignment” or strategic autonomy—meaning it resists being seen as subordinate to any power.

Economic trade-off

If India slows or halts Russian oil purchases to please the U.S., it risks 1) paying more for energy, 2) upsetting strategic ties with Russia, 3) exposing itself to supply risk.
On the other hand, if India continues buying Russian crude and faces more U.S. tariffs, its economy and export sectors suffer. That is the core dilemma in the India Russia oil trade narrative.

Tariff shock and export slump

Tariff hike and trade impact

The August 2025 move by the U.S. to impose 50 % tariffs on Indian imports marked a severe blow — one of the steepest rates deployed by the U.S. on a major economy.
Analysts have warned this could shrink India’s exports to the U.S. by up to half, and cut India’s GDP growth by 0.8 % in the medium-term.

Early signals of export weakness

Data from September 2025 indicate India’s exports to the U.S. dropped about 12 %. For industries such as textiles and apparel—long dependent on the U.S. market—the impact is severe. The tariff makes Indian goods harder to price-competitively compared to rivals like Vietnam or Bangladesh.

Why this matters for the India Russia oil trade

The economic pain from tariffs strengthens U.S. leverage: if India fears export losses, it may be more willing to change its energy-supplier behaviour. Conversely, continuing Russian oil purchases looks increasingly costly.
Therefore, the tariff-trade drop side influences India’s calculus in the India Russia oil trade decision-making.

U.S., Russia and India’s strategic autonomy

India’s global positioning

India has in recent decades enhanced ties with the U.S., particularly in defence and technology, while maintaining deep historical links with Russia.
That dual alignment is now under stress: the U.S. expects India to choose; Russia expects reliable buyers. India Russia oil trade sits squarely at this junction.

Why the U.S. cares

From Washington’s perspective, cutting off Russian oil revenue is a strategic aim in the war in Ukraine. India is a significant buyer and therefore a target of pressure. Trump’s announcement that Modi committed to stop buying Russian oil is part of that narrative.

Why Russia resists

Russia values India as a major energy buyer and strategic partner. Moscow has warned that it will not change policy simply on external pressure.

India’s strategic autonomy dilemma

India cannot afford to appear simply yielding to U.S. demands; its domestic politics and global posture require care. At the same time, maintaining Russian supply may undermine its export-dependent economy under U.S. tariffs.
In effect, the India Russia oil trade issue reflects a broader struggle: Can India preserve independent policy while remaining a reliable partner to the U.S. and Russia?

Scenarios and stakes for India Russia oil trade

India phases out Russian oil

If India agrees to reduce or halt Russian oil imports-

• It could win tariff relief from the U.S. and restore export competitiveness.
• Energy imports from the U.S. or Middle East would likely increase; costs may rise in near-term.
• Russia may feel betrayed, harming broader strategic ties.

India maintains significant Russian oil imports

If India resists U.S. pressure-

• Tariffs stay high; export sectors continue to suffer.
• India’s energy costs may remain low (via Russia’s discounts) but risk sanctions or secondary repercussions.
• The U.S.–India bilateral trade deal may stall or collapse.

A calibrated middle path

India could promise to gradually reduce Russian oil purchases, increase U.S./other supplier imports, and negotiate a trade deal.
Reports suggest India may already have cut about half of its Russian oil imports, according to White House sources.
But Indian refiners say no formal instruction has come yet—so real reductions may only show up from December–January.

The stakes of India Russia oil trade decision

• Energy security – Fuel supplies for over 1.4 billion people.
• Economic growth – Export industries currently squeezed by tariffs.
• Strategic partnerships – With both the U.S. and Russia.
• Global diplomacy – India’s role in the global south, BRICS, etc., may shift.

The issue of India Russia oil trade has morphed from a technical energy matter into a fulcrum of global diplomacy, economic rivalry and strategic realignment. With the U.S. wielding tariffs and public statements, Russia defending its energy customer, and India caught in the middle, the coming months could mark a turning point in India’s foreign-policy orientation.

Bihar,Oct.18,2025:The Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 mechanism is central to the opposition’s strategy: it must ensure that its constituent parties are aligned, avoid internal competition, maximise its vote share and present a coherent alternative to the ruling alliance. Without clarity on which party contests which seat, the alliance risks dilution of its vote, confusion among supporters and giving undue advantage to its rivals-

Where things stand

• Nominations for Phase 1 of the Bihar Assembly elections closed on Friday for the 121 seats.
• The Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 deal has not been finalised despite this deadline.
• Multiple candidates from different alliance parties have filed nominations for the same constituencies — signalling ‘friendly fights’ within the alliance.
• One of the smaller allies, the Vikassheel Insaan Party (VIP) led by Mukesh Sahani, has reportedly settled on 15 seats.
• A tentative formula reportedly gives the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) 135 seats, and the Indian National Congress (INC) 61 seats — though this arrangement remains unofficial and contested.

Key friction points in seat sharing

Overlapping nominations

Because the Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 pact isn’t sealed, candidates from different alliance partners are contesting the same seats — for example Lalganj, Bachhwara, Kahalgaon.

Disparity in seat allocation demands

The Congress reportedly wants more “winnable” seats; the RJD and others are firm on key constituencies, causing a tug-of-war.

New allies complicating arithmetic

With VIP and possibly the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) seeking inclusion, the Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 equation has grown more complex.

Time pressure and optics

With nomination deadlines and phase-1 polling looming (6 November), the delay in finalising the seat-sharing looks bad for the alliance.

Why the deadlock – underlying reasons

Several structural and strategic factors lie behind the stalemate in the Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025-

• Seat + symbol prestige: Parties are reluctant to give up strong seats or their identity symbols.
• Winnability calculus: Each party is pushing for seats where their caste/base strength is higher — Congress focusing on some seats, RJD on others.
• New entrants/alliances: Incorporating VIP and maybe JMM raises negotiation complexity.
• Time crunch: With nomination deadlines passed for phase-1, last-minute deals become tougher.
• Signalling to voters: The delay gives an impression of disunity vs the rival alliance, the National Democratic Alliance (NDA), which has already finalised its seat-sharing.

Implications of the stalemate for the alliance

Electoral disadvantage

By contesting the same seats internally, the Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 risks splitting its vote, thereby handing advantage to the ruling alliance.

Perception of disunity

Voters often interpret delays and internal competition as weakness. The perceived chaos may hurt the alliance’s credibility.

Loss of strategic momentum

While rivals campaign full-throttle, the Mahagathbandhan risks being reactive rather than proactive.

Weakened negotiation power

As deadlines pass, parties may be forced into less favourable seat-shares, reducing their bargaining strength.

Can the Mahagathbandhan still plug the gap

Yes — but it will require rapid, deliberate action-

• Finalise the deal immediately, even if some ‘friendly fight’ (internal contest) remains.
• Ensure a withdrawal window is used strategically so overlapping candidates step down and the alliance presents one face per seat.
• Leverage the common narrative of anti-incumbency and substitute the optics of delay with clarity of purpose.
• Use dynamic seat-sharing revisions (for phase-2) to ensure flexibility.
• Engage key allies (VIP, JMM) with clarity, so the Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 formula is not held hostage to one party’s stance.

What voters and analysts are saying

• Analysts suggest the delay in the Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 deal may not cost the opposition if they handle withdrawals properly.
• Some local cadres feel that the alliance is repeating mistakes of past elections where deals came late but results held.
• For voters in key constituencies like Lalganj and Bachhwara, seeing two alliance candidates may cause confusion.
• Conversely, alliance leaders say that the delay signifies expansion not disintegration: more partners, more seats being negotiated carefully.

What needs to happen next

• By 22 October – the candidate withdrawal window for phase-1; this is the last opportunity to resolve overlaps.
• Before phase-2 nominations (20 October) – finalise the seat-sharing for the remaining 122 seats to present a united front.
• Clear communication – public announcement of the seat-share formula to avoid further optics of discord.
• Coordinate campaign messaging – ensure all alliance partners align on key themes (jobs, youth, governance) so the messaging is unified.
• Monitor friendly-fights – where overlaps exist, ensure one candidate withdraws intelligently and the vote doesn’t split.

The Mahagathbandhan Bihar seat-sharing 2025 deadlock is a serious cause for concern. With deadlines passed and rival candidates already in the fray, the opposition alliance must act fast. The window to salvage unity and present a strong front is closing — and failure to move decisively could turn into a strategic misstep against a well-prepared NDA. The coming days will reveal whether the alliance can translate its coordination talk into electoral strategy — or whether the delay proves costly in this high-stakes Bihar election.

New Delhi, Oct.18,2025:Right at the outset, the phrase gold jewellery buying India 2025 encapsulates a new reality. Indian buyers continue to have strong cultural affinity for gold, but they’re adapting their behaviour in response to macro-price pressures and changing investment logic. Although the festivals and weddings still channel demand, the way gold is bought is clearly different-

The price surge backdrop

One of the strongest drivers behind changes in gold jewellery buying India 2025 is the steep price rally. According to the World Gold Council (WGC), gold prices in India have surged substantially this year, boosting the rupee cost per 10 g.

Jewellery-sales volumes are expected to decline as the price climbs, even though the value of gold held by Indian households rises.

• The WGC reports that although demand by weight may fall by up to ~200 tonnes in 2025, the value remains high because of elevated prices.
• Thus higher unit-costs are influencing the “gold jewellery buying India 2025” pattern: fewer grams bought, but perhaps the same or greater spend per piece.

Festive & wedding demand still alive – but changing

Even amid high prices, buying around festivals like Dhanteras and Diwali remains strong—but with changes in quantity and type.

• According to the Gold Market Update by WGC: festival demand is still picking up with the seasonal onset, but jewellery demand is “uneven” while investment demand is stronger.
• An article in the Business Standard highlights that for Dhanteras 2025, buyers are shifting from heavy jewellery to coins and bars, and also favouring smaller, lighter pieces.
• As per Trade-data, jewellery sales by weight have declined 10-20% in some segments, yet value keeps rising because each gram costs more.
• Thus: gold jewellery buying India 2025 is not shrinking — but reshaping around occasions like weddings and festivals with smarter buying logic.

Jewellery vs investment

A central feature of the change in gold jewellery buying India 2025 is the shift from jewellery purely for adornment to gold as investment.

• Analysts observe that households are buying smaller coin/bar formats rather than chunky heavy jewellery in part because cost per gram is high and jewellery has higher fabrication/making charges.
• Investment demand (coins, bars, ETFs, digital gold) is rising strongly while jewellery-demand volumes decline.
• For example, jewellery volumes may shrink but the value of investment gold is growing – i.e., more money locked in gold even if less physical weight moved.

In effect, the buyer mindset for “gold jewellery buying India 2025” is bifurcating: jewellery for occasions + gold for investment.

Designer & purity trends

When gold jewellery buying India 2025 is analysed by product type, some clear micro-trends emerge-

• Lower-carat gold (14 K, 18 K) and even 9 K options are gaining traction, especially for daily wear and younger buyers. For instance, an article notes 9-carat and 14-carat jewellery getting popularity as 22-carat becomes cost-prohibitive.
• Retailers are offering lighter designs with less gold content: e.g., a 250 mg gold coin vs older heavier coins; and even 25 mg coins now in market.
• Jewellery retail in Jaipur and other centres show a shift: heavier, high-cost pieces are being avoided by budget-sensitive buyers; instead they pick smaller, simpler designs.
• These strategies reflect direct adaptation: “gold jewellery buying India 2025” means lighter, smarter pieces rather than heavy ostentatious traditional pieces.

Central bank behaviour, imports & smuggling

Beyond just consumer behaviour, the broader ecosystem around gold jewellery buying India 2025 is being influenced by structural shifts.

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has increased its gold-reserve share, signalling institutional demand for bullion.
• Imports and premiums: As gold price soared, imports surged and premiums on physical bullion rose. E.g., smuggling has increased ahead of festivals because the arbitrage margin is high.
• Jewellery demand may soften in weight because macro-economic factors (imports, currency, making charges) raise cost base, so consumer “gold jewellery buying India 2025” is being affected by supply-side pressures too.
• According to WGC and other data, the premium on domestic gold narrows (or turns positive) indicating that retail markets are reacting to global signals.
• These structural drivers mean that changes in “gold jewellery buying India 2025” aren’t just consumer-choice — they’re embedded in market fundamentals.

Consumer-behaviour insights

Putting a lens on what actual buyers are doing helps understand “gold jewellery buying India 2025” from ground-level-

• Many buyers say: “We’ll buy, but we’ll buy less” rather than skipping altogether. Smaller coins, lighter designs. (As noted by jewellery retailers.)
• For example, a prospective bride in Jaipur noted she’s halting purchase for now, hoping for a price dip before her wedding.
• Retailers report: footfalls may remain steady, but the average spend or weight may go down; and young buyers are prioritising everyday wear pieces rather than heavy showpieces.
• Deferred purchase schemes (where consumers pay instalments) are losing some sheen because price volatility has increased risks.

Thus, “gold jewellery buying India 2025” is characterised by cautious buying, value-seeking and strategic delays rather than panic or blanket avoidance.

What this means for retailers and the industry

For brands, jewellers and the ecosystem, these changes in gold jewellery buying India 2025 carry several implications-

• Product strategy: need to offer lighter gold, lower carat options and jewellery with reduced gold content but strong design value.
• Marketing message: emphasise gold as investment + cultural asset rather than only heavy show-jewellery.
• Inventory & pricing: with gold cost high, making charges, margins and stocks all come under pressure; efficient inventory turns become important.
• Diversification: some jewellers expand into coins, bars, gold-ETFs, digital gold to capture shifting demand toward investment.
• Regulatory & supply risk: import duties, smuggling, bullion shortage all make supply unreliable — affecting “gold jewellery buying India 2025” via availability and premiums.
• Retail segmentation: younger buyers, urban buyers, working women may prefer lighter everyday pieces; weddings still drive heavy purchases but may shift timeline.

Hence, for anyone tracking “gold jewellery buying India 2025”, it’s not just about the buyer, but also about how the trade reacts.

Outlook for gold jewellery buying India 2025

In summary, gold jewellery buying India 2025 remains strong in spirit, but its shape is evolving rapidly. While elevated bullion prices are a headwind for conventional heavy-jewellery purchases, demand is being sustained via lighter designs, investment forms, and festival/wedding occasions.
The cultural attachment to gold in India remains unshaken — households hold vast amounts of gold which raise their asset base even as they adapt buying patterns.

Looking ahead-

• In the short term, expect festival-wedding demand to bolster sales, albeit with lower gram-volumes.
• Product innovation around lightweight gold, low‐carat and alternative formats will accelerate.
• Retailers who adapt to “gold jewellery buying India 2025” trends — offering value, transparency, investment alignment and new formats — will likely benefit.
• For consumers, smart buying — focusing on minimal gold content design, smaller denominations and coins/bars — may become the norm rather than the exception.

Thus “gold jewellery buying India 2025” marks a pivot from purely ornamental to more strategic, investment-and-adornment hybrid behaviour.

Jaipur,Oct.17,2025:Grandparents Day Subodhi Ki Aur is not just a school event—it’s an expression of gratitude toward elders, a reaffirmation of family roots, and a bridge between experience and youth-

“Subodhi Ki Aur” loosely translates to “towards greater wisdom” or “direction toward insight”. The phrase underscores a school’s goal: to instill in students reverence for elders’ wisdom, and to move together in growth and understanding.

Subodh Public School, located in Rambagh Crossing, Jaipur, has been known for emphasizing holistic education—including moral values, cultural awareness, and character building. Celebrating a day specifically for grandparents aligns naturally with its philosophy. (School info: Subodh Public School Rambagh address and setup)

Ceremony Begins

The celebrations opened in heartfelt style-

• Grandparents arrived to a warm tilak on the forehead and presentation of badges—symbols of honor and respect.
• A lucky draw selected a pair of grandparents among the attendees, who were then felicitated with a live plant—a gesture signifying growth, life, and blessed continuity.
• The event was blessed by the presence of Convener Shri Alok Kumar Bumb and Principal Dr. Sanjay Parashar. Their brief remarks acknowledged the priceless role of grandparents in shaping generations.

This warm welcome set the tone: the day was centred on dignity, respect, and heartfelt connection.

Cultural Program

The heart of the Grandparents Day Subodhi Ki Aur celebration was a rich and diverse cultural program, thoughtfully curated by students of all ages-

• Navkaar Mantra & Bhajans: invoking spiritual calm and collective harmony
• Dohe & Shayari: ancient couplets and poetic expressions recited with emotion
• Yogasanas performed by young students—symbolizing health, balance, and vitality
• Dances & Enactments: dramatizing stories from grandparents’ youth, moral tales, and moments of familial bonding
• Storytelling by children: personal stories about their grandparents—why they love them, memorable moments

The performances offered more than entertainment—they were living tributes. Many grandparents were visibly moved, some wiping tears as they watched their grandchildren bring stories to life.

Tokens of Love & Mementos

To accompany the emotional experience, the school presented every grandparent with:

• A decorated diya (lamp), symbolizing light, wisdom, and the guiding presence of elders
• A photo frame, capturing the moment and to serve as a keepsake

These mementos were small yet deeply meaningful—a way for children to express their affection and leave something tangible in grandparents’ hands.

After the ceremonies, a delicious lunch was served, where generations sat together, conversed, laughed, and shared memories.

Emotional Highlights & Grandparents’ Reaction

Several moments stood out in the celebrations-

• When children enacted scenes from grandparents’ childhood or earlier times, many elders nodded in recognition or smiled wistfully.
• The selection of one grandparent couple via lucky draw, and their felicitation, led to a spontaneous standing ovation.
• The presentation of plant saplings was especially poignant: “May your love grow as this plant does,” one child said, generating applause.
• After the formal program, many grandparents paused in reflections, greeting not just their own but mingling with other grandparents—sharing stories, viewing performances as equals.

One grandfather remarked: “When I saw my granddaughter dance and narrate a memory I had told her, tears welled up. She gave me back my memories in a fresh way.”

Role of School Leadership & Organizers

The success of Grandparents Day Subodhi Ki Aur owes significantly to the school’s leadership and planning-

• Convener Shri Alok Kumar Bumb offered guidance and direction for the event’s flow.
• Principal Dr. Sanjay Parashar delivered the opening speech, highlighting the significance of elders and educational values.
• Students, teachers, and staff collaborated behind the scenes: logistics, stage management, costume, scripts, audio-visuals and seating.
• The choice of a lucky draw, plant gifting, symbolic diyas, and photo frames indicates thoughtful design that balanced emotion, respect, and joy.

By maintaining short, well-timed segments and involving grandparents themselves, the program remained engaging rather than exhausting.

Respect, Roots, Future

This event conveys several deeper meanings-

• Respect for the Past: Grandparents carry the wisdom, history, and cultural memory of families.
• Roots & Identity: By honouring elders, children are reminded of their roots and continuity.
• Intergenerational Dialogue: The event fosters understanding—the old learn about modern life; young learn about heritage.
• Instilling Values: Gratitude, discipline, humility, love across age barriers.
• Forward Movement (“Subodhi Ki Aur”): With elders’ blessings and guidance, new generations move ahead with grounded values.

Slogans like

“Respect the Past, Embrace the Future”
“Grandparents: Our Roots, Our Strength”
“Love Knows No Age”

echoed these ideals throughout the event.

Comparisons with Grandparents Day Celebrations Elsewhere

While many schools internationally and in India celebrate Grandparents Day, Grandparents Day Subodhi Ki Aur stands out in several ways-

• It integrates cultural, spiritual, and local heritage elements (dohe, bhajans).
• It creates physical mementos (diyas, photoframes, plants), not just certificates.
• It involves grandparents in the event—not only as guests but sometimes as performers or story-tellers.
• The philosophical label “Subodhi Ki Aur” gives the celebration a layered spiritual aim, beyond festivity.

Elsewhere, similar events might focus solely on fun, crafts, or lunch. This model merges sentiment, values, and education.

How “Subodhi Ki Aur” Strengthens Intergenerational Bonds

Dialogue & Story Exchange

During lunch and informal time, grandparents and grandchildren conversed—sharing life

Shared Performance & Inclusion

Some grandparents may join in enactments, recite dohe, or simply witness from front seats. The inclusion helps blur the generation gap.

Symbolic Acts & Mutual Respect

Planting saplings, giving diyas, and presenting photo frames are symbolic acts showing children’s respect and grandparents’ blessing.

Emotional Memory for Students

Children internalize the care and respect given to elders, learning empathy, gratitude, and lifelong reverence.

The Grandparents Day Subodhi Ki Aur event at Subodh Public School, Rambagh, was more than a school function—it was a celebration of lineage, love, and legacy. It affirmed that elders are not relics of the past, but trustees of wisdom, anchors in a changing world.

Jaipur, Oct.17,2025:The Rajasthan toxic air crisis is not hypothetical — real-time readings validate its severity. In Jaipur, AQI status has hovered in the “Unhealthy” bracket, with PM10 at ~138 µg/m³ and PM2.5 ~76 µg/m³-

In Bhiwadi, the situation is even more critical: industrial area readings report AQI ~175 (Unhealthy), while some sources list AQI ~204 in Bhiwadi.

State-wide, cities are marred by smog-

Sources report-

• In Bhiwadi’s RIICO Industrial Area III, AQI is ~175 (Unhealthy)
• Bhiwadi’s earlier records also show extremely high pollution, placing it among India’s most polluted cities in past years
• Jaipur’s live dashboard shows “Unhealthy” air quality metrics

This pollution surge is notably occurring before Diwali — a time when part of Rajasthan often registers its worst air.

Cities Most Affected- Jaipur, Bhiwadi & Beyond

Jaipur- The Capital Suffers

In Jaipur’s Mansarovar, levels peaked at ~260 AQI — deep in the “poor to unhealthy” bracket. Many neighborhoods echoed similar figures, creating an air blanket of discomfort.

Bhiwadi- Industrial Smog Hub

Bhiwadi, at the Rajasthan–NCR periphery, is historically prone to grave pollution. The Rajasthan toxic air crisis has intensified that. Because many industries, factories, and power units cluster here, emissions, dust, and ambient pollution converge. Past reports have flagged Bhiwadi as among the worst polluted cities in India.

Bharatpur, Bikaner, Hanumangarh

These cities, though less industrialized than Bhiwadi, face surges due to vehicular emissions, dust, construction and local burning. Reported AQIs in the 200+ range indicate dangerous levels.

Main Pollution Drivers & Seasonal Factors

 Vehicle Emissions & Industrial Output

With expanding urbanization in Jaipur and around Bhiwadi, traffic has skyrocketed. Emissions from diesel vehicles, inadequate public transport, and industrial stacks combine into a toxic brew.

Construction, Dust & Soil Disruption

Ongoing construction in emerging urban zones generates copious dust. In absence of strict control, that dust remains airborne as PM10 / PM2.5, worsening the Rajasthan toxic air crisis.

Stubble Burning & Neighbouring State Influx

Though Rajasthan doesn’t extensively burn crop residue, Uttar Pradesh and Punjab (adjacent) do. Wind drift can carry pollutants into Rajasthan.

Cold Weather & Low Wind

As Diwali approaches (mid-October), atmospheric inversion layers can trap pollutants near ground. Low wind speeds prevent dispersion, causing pollutant build-up.

Local Burning & Firecrackers

Though Diwali itself will bring firecracker use, early burning of leaves, trash, and fireworks intensifies already poor air.

Health Risks & Vulnerable Populations

The Rajasthan toxic air crisis is not just numbers — it’s a public health emergency.

• Respiratory illnesses: exacerbation of asthma, COPD, bronchitis
• Cardiovascular stress: elevated risk of heart attacks
• Children & elderly: more susceptible due to weaker immune/respiratory systems
• Pregnant women: higher chances of low birth weight, developmental impacts

Medical professionals warn: avoid strenuous outdoor activity, especially early morning and late evenings. Use masks (N95 / N99) outdoors.

Official Responses & Mitigation Steps

Authorities are responding, though with urgency demanded by the Rajasthan toxic air crisis–

• State pollution control board advisories to limit outdoor movement
• Some local government bodies may deploy water sprinklers on roads or dust suppression (as seen in other Indian cities)
• Public appeals to reduce burning, construction during peak pollution hours
• Sent support for ambulances and medical readiness (e.g. 108 ambulances in Rajasthan on duty)

However, sustained and structural steps remain limited so far.

Comparisons with Past Diwali Pollution Spikes

Historically, Jaipur has recorded even more severe air during Diwali seasons — AQI values crossing 300+.

• Last Diwali, Jaipur’s air reportedly touched AQI 350+.
• Bhiwadi has in past years appeared among world’s most polluted during Diwali.
• Some cities adopt GRAP (Graded Response Action Plan) during severe pollution episodes — restricting transport, construction, etc.

These patterns reflect that the Rajasthan toxic air crisis is cyclical, tied to festival seasons and meteorological trends.

Community Measures & Citizen Role

What Citizens Can Do

• Use masks (N95 / N99) when outdoors
• Minimize use of private vehicles; prefer carpool, public transport
• Avoid burning leaves, trash or stubble locally
• Limit outdoor exercise during early mornings / evenings
• Use air purifiers / indoor plants where possible

Community & Civil Society Actions

• Awareness campaigns about pollution & health
• Local monitoring and reporting of open burning or dust
• Tree planting in urban belts to create barriers

The Path Forward: Policy, Tech & Reform

To counter the Rajasthan toxic air crisis sustainably, integrated policy and technology actions are needed-

Stricter Pollution Norms & Enforcement

• Enforce emissions standards for industry, vehicles
• Mandate dust control at construction sites
• Ban or regulate open burning

Green Infrastructure & Urban Planning

• Green belts as pollution buffers
• Urban planning to reduce vehicular load
• Promote non-motorized transport

Air Quality Monitoring & Transparency

• Expand real-time AQI monitoring stations
• Citizen dashboards and alerts
• Linking pollution levels with health advisory systems

Cross-State Action & Collaboration

Pollution doesn’t stop at state borders. Rajasthan must coordinate with Punjab, Haryana, UP to check stubble burning, industrial emissions transfers, etc.

Clean Technology, Renewable Energy

Encourage industries to adopt cleaner fuels, filters, scrubbers. Promote solar, wind, electrified transport.

The Rajasthan toxic air crisis has struck before the lights of Diwali, turning five cities into breathing zones of risk. When pollution creeps in even before festive smoke, it’s a red alert to citizens, policymakers, and health services alike.

Churu, Oct.17,2025:The interstate dummy note gang arrest stems from a fraud complaint filed by a victim who alleged that he was lured into a scheme promising financial gain, but was instead duped with counterfeit currency. The victim’s swift complaint prompted Churu Police and AGTF to begin intelligence gathering and surveillance-

Once leads converged on a regional nexus of counterfeit operations, teams coordinated to surveil suspect movements, trace suspicious financial flows, and prepare for a large-scale raid.

Coordinated Operation & Arrests

Acting on credible intelligence, police launched a swoop across multiple locations on the same day. The operation was synchronized to prevent tip-offs and escape by suspects.

Seven members of the Tatlu Gang were arrested. The names reported include-

• Rajveer Valmiki
• Sajan Sunar
• Sanjay Valmiki
• Ashok Valmiki
• Robin Singh Valmiki
• Anil Valmiki (listed twice in initial reports, possibly two individuals with same name)

They were taken into custody simultaneously to thwart any coordinated escape or destruction of evidence.

Seized Contraband & Evidence

The interstate dummy note gang arrest yielded a trove of evidence-

• ₹3 crore in dummy/fake currency
• ₹2 lakh in genuine cash
• Two luxury vehicles used by gang for transportation
• Printing and dummy note fabrication materials — presses, paper, ink, dies
• Around 600 mattresses or padding material used in molding or layering during the printing process
• Documents, diaries, digital records, mobile phones

This haul strongly suggests organized, large-scale operations rather than ad hoc printing.

Profiles of the Accused

The seven arrested individuals hail from neighbouring states, underscoring the interstate nature of the gang. Many share the surname “Valmiki,” which could indicate familial links or a caste-based recruitment structure.

Some appear to act as operatives, others likely as logistics and transport facilitators. Interrogation is ongoing to unearth leadership and financial links.

Inside the Interstate Dummy Note Gang

Cross-State Reach

This gang’s operations spanned multiple states, including Rajasthan and Haryana. Their ability to ebb across state borders suggests a logistics and communication backbone beyond local cells.

Division of Labor

• Fabrication unit: printing, die making, finishing
• Transport & logistics: moving notes, vehicles
• Distribution: placing dummy notes into local circulation
• Financial cell: converting or laundering proceeds

Security & Secrecy

The gang likely used coded communication, multiple safe houses, and layered intermediaries to obfuscate traceability. The seizure of luxury cars indicates that they invested in mobility to evade detection.

Legal Charges & Investigation Strategy

Following the interstate dummy note gang arrest, several FIRs under relevant sections will be registered-

• Section under Indian Penal Code (IPC) for counterfeiting
• Sections under the Reserve Bank of India Act
• Forgery, cheating, criminal conspiracy
• Money laundering provisions

Law enforcement’s immediate strategy-

1. Forensic examination of seized printing equipment and currency
2. Digital forensics from mobiles, computers
3. Interrogations to locate higher-ups and co-conspirators
4. Financial tracing of vehicle ownership, bank transactions
5. Interstate cooperation with police agencies in Haryana, Punjab, etc.

Significance & Deterrence Signal

This interstate dummy note gang arrest is a strong message-

• Organized crime syndicates dealing in fake currency are being targeted
• State and central agencies collaborating to dismantle cross-border operations
• Enhanced policing and forensics capability

It could dissuade other gangs from scaling up, knowing that major busts are possible.

Past Cases & Comparisons

Similar fake currency operations have been busted elsewhere:

• In Jodhpur, Rajasthan police arrested two suspects with counterfeit notes worth ₹10 lakh and printing setup.
• In Jaipur’s Jhotwara area, AGTF seized fake currency worth ₹2.17 lakh along with printing equipment.
• A printing racket operating across Rajasthan-Gujarat was disrupted, seizing fake notes and devices.

These compare in scale but reinforce that counterfeit note gangs remain a persistent threat across India.

Challenges & Next Steps

Tracing Leadership

The top minds behind the operation may be operating from safe locations or abroad. Pinpointing them is crucial.

Disrupting Circulation

Though the printing unit is busted, many fake notes may already be in circulation — tracking them is a mammoth task.

Legal & Judicial Bottlenecks

Ensuring speedy trials and avoiding delays in prosecuting powerful networks is essential to

Intelligence Infrastructure

Upgrading data sharing among states, better use of financial analytics, and cross-agency task forces will aid in preventing recurrences.

The interstate dummy note gang arrest in Churu marks a significant victory for Rajasthan police and AGTF. By capturing seven suspects, confiscating ₹3 crore in fake currency, and dismantling a printing operation, authorities have struck at the heart of a dangerous criminal network.