New Delhi,Oct.18,2025:Diwali, the festival of lights, is synonymous with the joy of sharing sweets with loved ones. However, the festive season also sees a surge in the sale of sweets, leading to increased instances of adulteration. Consumers often unknowingly purchase adulterated sweets, which can pose serious health risks. This article aims to educate consumers on how to detect adulteration in Diwali sweets through simple home tests, ensuring a safe and joyous celebration-

Common Adulterants in Diwali Sweets

Several substances are commonly used to adulterate sweets during Diwali-

• Starch: Added to khoya (mawa) to increase volume.
• Detergents: Used to whiten milk and create foam.
• Synthetic Milk: Contains harmful chemicals like urea and detergent.
• Artificial Colores: Used to enhance the appearance of sweets.
• Aluminium Foil: Substituted for silver foil on sweets.
• Synthetic Honey: Mixed with sugar syrup to mimic pure honey.

Simple Home Tests to Detect Adulteration

Milk Adulteration Tests

1. Water Test: Place a drop of milk on a polished or slanting surface. If it moves slowly and leaves behind a white trail, your milk is likely pure. If it flows quickly without leaving any mark, it may be mixed with water.
2. Detergent Test: Mix equal parts of milk and water in a clean bottle. Shake well. If it produces thick, foamy bubbles like soap, it could contain detergent, one of the most common adulterants. Pure milk forms only a thin frothy layer.
3. Starch Test: Add a few drops of iodine solution to your milk sample. If the liquid turns blue, it means starch is present, added to thicken diluted milk and make it look creamier.
4. Texture Test: Rub a few drops between your fingers. Adulterated milk feels slippery or soapy. Upon boiling, it may turn yellowish and leave a bitter or chemical aftertaste.

Khoya (Mawa) Purity Tests

1. Dissolution Test: Dissolve a small piece of khoya in water and heat it. Pure khoya will dissolve smoothly, while adulterated versions may show residue or strange textures.
2. Iodine Test: Add a few drops of iodine solution to a small amount of khoya. If the colour changes to blue, starch is present, indicating adulteration.
3. Sulfuric Acid Test: Place a small amount of khoya in a container and add a few drops of concentrated sulfuric acid. A change in colour can indicate the presence of harmful chemicals.

Ghee Purity Tests

1. Iodine Test: Take a small amount of ghee in a transparent glass container. Add 2-3 drops of iodine solution. If the colour changes to blue, it indicates the presence of starch or other adulterants.
2. Texture Test: Pure ghee has a granular texture and melts at room temperature. If the ghee feels greasy or has an unusual texture, it may be adulterated.

Honey Purity Tests

1. Water Test: Place a drop of honey in a glass of water. If it dissolves quickly, it may be adulterated with sugar syrup. Pure honey will settle at the bottom.
2. Flame Test: Dip a cotton wick into honey and light it. If the honey is pure, the wick will burn without producing smoke. Adulterated honey may not burn properly. Sugar and Jaggery Purity Tests

1. Chalk Powder Test: Dissolve a small amount of sugar or jaggery in water. If chalk powder is present, it will settle at the bottom.
2. Acid Test: Add a few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid to a sample of sugar or jaggery. A change in colour indicates the presence of harmful substances. Silver Foil Purity Tests

1. Rubbing Test: Take a small piece of silver foil and rub it between your fingers. If it turns into a powder, it is pure silver. If it remains intact or forms beads, it may contain aluminium.
2. Burn Test: Burn a small piece of silver foil. If it burns completely, it is pure silver. If it leaves behind a residue, it may be adulterated.

• Saffron Purity Tests

1. Water Test: Place a few strands of saffron in a glass of warm water. Pure saffron will release its colour slowly, while artificial saffron will release colour quickly and may have a chemical odor.
2. Burn Test: Burn a strand of saffron. Pure saffron will burn completely, leaving no residue. Artificial saffron may leave behind a residue or produce a chemical odor.

Health Risks of Consuming Adulterated Sweets

Consuming adulterated sweets can lead to various health issues, including-

• Digestive Problems: Adulterants like starch and detergents can cause bloating, diarrhea, and nausea.
• Allergic Reactions: Artificial colours and chemicals can trigger allergies and skin reactions.
• Long-Term Health Issues: Consuming harmful chemicals over time can lead to liver and kidney damage, and increase the risk of cancer.

Government Initiatives and Consumer Awareness

To combat the issue of adulteration, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has launched various initiatives-

• Surveillance and Monitoring: Regular inspections and raids are conducted to check for adulteration in sweets and other food items.
• Public Awareness Campaigns: FSSAI conducts campaigns to educate consumers about the risks of adulteration and how to detect it.
• Helpline Services: Consumers can report adulterated products through FSSAI’s helpline and WhatsApp services.

This Diwali, ensure the safety of your festive treats by conducting simple home tests to detect adulteration in sweets. By being vigilant and informed, you can protect yourself and your loved ones from the health risks associated with adulterated food. Remember, a little caution goes a long way in ensuring a sweet and safe celebration.

New Delhi, Oct.18,2025:India Russia oil trade has suddenly become one of the most sensitive, high-stakes issues in international relations. With the U.S. administration under President Donald Trump explicitly linking trade, tariffs and energy policy, India finds itself caught between major partners. On the one hand sits the U.S. — its largest export destination — and on the other, Russia, a longstanding strategic and energy ally. The outcome of decisions around Indian crude imports from Russia could reshape global energy flows, trade alliances and geopolitical alignments-

Earlier this week, Trump claimed that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi had assured him that India would stop buying oil from Russia.
At the same time, Indian officials denied that any such assurance was given, leaving Indian policy in limbo.
Against this backdrop, the imposition of a 50 % U.S. tariff on Indian imports—partly linked to India’s Russian oil purchases—has added economic urgency and diplomatic risk.

In this article, we unpack the five critical “power moves” shaping the India Russia oil trade issue: the immediate triggers, India’s strategic constraints, economic fallout, geopolitical balancing, and the scenarios ahead.

What triggered the U.S.–India stand-off

U.S. demands on oil and tariffs

The root cause of tension lies in how the U.S. views imports of Russian crude by India. Washington argues that purchases of Russian oil provide revenue that helps finance the war in Ukraine.

In August 2025, President Trump imposed a sweeping 50 % tariff on Indian goods, citing India’s continued Russian oil purchases as one of the reasons.
This measure marked a dramatic escalation in trade relations and made the India Russia oil trade not just a matter of energy policy, but a lever in U.S.–India economic diplomacy.

Why Russia-India oil links matter

India became one of the largest buyers of Russian seaborne crude after the Ukraine invasion, with discounts available to Indian refiners.
Russia has been a major defense, energy and strategic partner to India for decades — making any abrupt change in oil imports a delicate matter.

Thus the stage was set: India under pressure to curtail Russian oil buying, the U.S. using tariffs to force compliance, and India needing to protect its energy security interests. That is the context for the drama around India Russia oil trade.

Trump’s assertion and India’s reaction

Trump’s bold announcement

On 15 October 2025, Trump told reporters that Modi had assured him India would stop buying oil from Russia. He called it a “big step” and said, “I was not happy that India was buying oil … and he assured me today that they will not be buying oil from Russia.”
He added that the process would take time: “It’s a little bit of a process, but that process is going to be over with soon.”

Indian government’s push-back

Within hours, India’s Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesman Randhir Jaiswal said that as far as his knowledge went, no conversation between Modi and Trump had taken place that day.
India said its energy import policy is set with the objective of safeguarding the Indian consumer in a volatile energy scenario.
Thus, a direct contradiction emerged: Trump says Modi agreed, India says no such deal was made.

Implications of this discrepancy

• Trust between Washington and Delhi may suffer.
• India’s strategic autonomy is under scrutiny — are they bowing to U.S. demands?
• The markets, especially energy and trade sectors, face uncertainty.
  In short, the India Russia oil trade question is now a diplomatic flashpoint, not just a commercial one.

Why India cannot easily end Russian oil imports

Energy security and affordability

India draws about one-third of its crude oil imports from Russia.
India has emphasized that these imports are guided by domestic consumer interests and affordability in a volatile energy market.

Supply constraints and alternatives

Replacing Russian oil is easier said than done: India would need alternative crude sources, adjust refining arrangements, and potentially absorb higher costs.
In the short term, Indian refiners continue to process Russian cargoes and are locked into loading contracts for November/December.

Historical strategic partner

Russia and India’s relationship spans decades—from defense cooperation to nuclear and space partnerships. Terminating oil trade would ripple beyond energy into broader strategic domains.
India’s diplomatic posture emphasises “non-alignment” or strategic autonomy—meaning it resists being seen as subordinate to any power.

Economic trade-off

If India slows or halts Russian oil purchases to please the U.S., it risks 1) paying more for energy, 2) upsetting strategic ties with Russia, 3) exposing itself to supply risk.
On the other hand, if India continues buying Russian crude and faces more U.S. tariffs, its economy and export sectors suffer. That is the core dilemma in the India Russia oil trade narrative.

Tariff shock and export slump

Tariff hike and trade impact

The August 2025 move by the U.S. to impose 50 % tariffs on Indian imports marked a severe blow — one of the steepest rates deployed by the U.S. on a major economy.
Analysts have warned this could shrink India’s exports to the U.S. by up to half, and cut India’s GDP growth by 0.8 % in the medium-term.

Early signals of export weakness

Data from September 2025 indicate India’s exports to the U.S. dropped about 12 %. For industries such as textiles and apparel—long dependent on the U.S. market—the impact is severe. The tariff makes Indian goods harder to price-competitively compared to rivals like Vietnam or Bangladesh.

Why this matters for the India Russia oil trade

The economic pain from tariffs strengthens U.S. leverage: if India fears export losses, it may be more willing to change its energy-supplier behaviour. Conversely, continuing Russian oil purchases looks increasingly costly.
Therefore, the tariff-trade drop side influences India’s calculus in the India Russia oil trade decision-making.

U.S., Russia and India’s strategic autonomy

India’s global positioning

India has in recent decades enhanced ties with the U.S., particularly in defence and technology, while maintaining deep historical links with Russia.
That dual alignment is now under stress: the U.S. expects India to choose; Russia expects reliable buyers. India Russia oil trade sits squarely at this junction.

Why the U.S. cares

From Washington’s perspective, cutting off Russian oil revenue is a strategic aim in the war in Ukraine. India is a significant buyer and therefore a target of pressure. Trump’s announcement that Modi committed to stop buying Russian oil is part of that narrative.

Why Russia resists

Russia values India as a major energy buyer and strategic partner. Moscow has warned that it will not change policy simply on external pressure.

India’s strategic autonomy dilemma

India cannot afford to appear simply yielding to U.S. demands; its domestic politics and global posture require care. At the same time, maintaining Russian supply may undermine its export-dependent economy under U.S. tariffs.
In effect, the India Russia oil trade issue reflects a broader struggle: Can India preserve independent policy while remaining a reliable partner to the U.S. and Russia?

Scenarios and stakes for India Russia oil trade

India phases out Russian oil

If India agrees to reduce or halt Russian oil imports-

• It could win tariff relief from the U.S. and restore export competitiveness.
• Energy imports from the U.S. or Middle East would likely increase; costs may rise in near-term.
• Russia may feel betrayed, harming broader strategic ties.

India maintains significant Russian oil imports

If India resists U.S. pressure-

• Tariffs stay high; export sectors continue to suffer.
• India’s energy costs may remain low (via Russia’s discounts) but risk sanctions or secondary repercussions.
• The U.S.–India bilateral trade deal may stall or collapse.

A calibrated middle path

India could promise to gradually reduce Russian oil purchases, increase U.S./other supplier imports, and negotiate a trade deal.
Reports suggest India may already have cut about half of its Russian oil imports, according to White House sources.
But Indian refiners say no formal instruction has come yet—so real reductions may only show up from December–January.

The stakes of India Russia oil trade decision

• Energy security – Fuel supplies for over 1.4 billion people.
• Economic growth – Export industries currently squeezed by tariffs.
• Strategic partnerships – With both the U.S. and Russia.
• Global diplomacy – India’s role in the global south, BRICS, etc., may shift.

The issue of India Russia oil trade has morphed from a technical energy matter into a fulcrum of global diplomacy, economic rivalry and strategic realignment. With the U.S. wielding tariffs and public statements, Russia defending its energy customer, and India caught in the middle, the coming months could mark a turning point in India’s foreign-policy orientation.

New Delhi, Oct.18,2025:Right at the outset, the phrase gold jewellery buying India 2025 encapsulates a new reality. Indian buyers continue to have strong cultural affinity for gold, but they’re adapting their behaviour in response to macro-price pressures and changing investment logic. Although the festivals and weddings still channel demand, the way gold is bought is clearly different-

The price surge backdrop

One of the strongest drivers behind changes in gold jewellery buying India 2025 is the steep price rally. According to the World Gold Council (WGC), gold prices in India have surged substantially this year, boosting the rupee cost per 10 g.

Jewellery-sales volumes are expected to decline as the price climbs, even though the value of gold held by Indian households rises.

• The WGC reports that although demand by weight may fall by up to ~200 tonnes in 2025, the value remains high because of elevated prices.
• Thus higher unit-costs are influencing the “gold jewellery buying India 2025” pattern: fewer grams bought, but perhaps the same or greater spend per piece.

Festive & wedding demand still alive – but changing

Even amid high prices, buying around festivals like Dhanteras and Diwali remains strong—but with changes in quantity and type.

• According to the Gold Market Update by WGC: festival demand is still picking up with the seasonal onset, but jewellery demand is “uneven” while investment demand is stronger.
• An article in the Business Standard highlights that for Dhanteras 2025, buyers are shifting from heavy jewellery to coins and bars, and also favouring smaller, lighter pieces.
• As per Trade-data, jewellery sales by weight have declined 10-20% in some segments, yet value keeps rising because each gram costs more.
• Thus: gold jewellery buying India 2025 is not shrinking — but reshaping around occasions like weddings and festivals with smarter buying logic.

Jewellery vs investment

A central feature of the change in gold jewellery buying India 2025 is the shift from jewellery purely for adornment to gold as investment.

• Analysts observe that households are buying smaller coin/bar formats rather than chunky heavy jewellery in part because cost per gram is high and jewellery has higher fabrication/making charges.
• Investment demand (coins, bars, ETFs, digital gold) is rising strongly while jewellery-demand volumes decline.
• For example, jewellery volumes may shrink but the value of investment gold is growing – i.e., more money locked in gold even if less physical weight moved.

In effect, the buyer mindset for “gold jewellery buying India 2025” is bifurcating: jewellery for occasions + gold for investment.

Designer & purity trends

When gold jewellery buying India 2025 is analysed by product type, some clear micro-trends emerge-

• Lower-carat gold (14 K, 18 K) and even 9 K options are gaining traction, especially for daily wear and younger buyers. For instance, an article notes 9-carat and 14-carat jewellery getting popularity as 22-carat becomes cost-prohibitive.
• Retailers are offering lighter designs with less gold content: e.g., a 250 mg gold coin vs older heavier coins; and even 25 mg coins now in market.
• Jewellery retail in Jaipur and other centres show a shift: heavier, high-cost pieces are being avoided by budget-sensitive buyers; instead they pick smaller, simpler designs.
• These strategies reflect direct adaptation: “gold jewellery buying India 2025” means lighter, smarter pieces rather than heavy ostentatious traditional pieces.

Central bank behaviour, imports & smuggling

Beyond just consumer behaviour, the broader ecosystem around gold jewellery buying India 2025 is being influenced by structural shifts.

• The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has increased its gold-reserve share, signalling institutional demand for bullion.
• Imports and premiums: As gold price soared, imports surged and premiums on physical bullion rose. E.g., smuggling has increased ahead of festivals because the arbitrage margin is high.
• Jewellery demand may soften in weight because macro-economic factors (imports, currency, making charges) raise cost base, so consumer “gold jewellery buying India 2025” is being affected by supply-side pressures too.
• According to WGC and other data, the premium on domestic gold narrows (or turns positive) indicating that retail markets are reacting to global signals.
• These structural drivers mean that changes in “gold jewellery buying India 2025” aren’t just consumer-choice — they’re embedded in market fundamentals.

Consumer-behaviour insights

Putting a lens on what actual buyers are doing helps understand “gold jewellery buying India 2025” from ground-level-

• Many buyers say: “We’ll buy, but we’ll buy less” rather than skipping altogether. Smaller coins, lighter designs. (As noted by jewellery retailers.)
• For example, a prospective bride in Jaipur noted she’s halting purchase for now, hoping for a price dip before her wedding.
• Retailers report: footfalls may remain steady, but the average spend or weight may go down; and young buyers are prioritising everyday wear pieces rather than heavy showpieces.
• Deferred purchase schemes (where consumers pay instalments) are losing some sheen because price volatility has increased risks.

Thus, “gold jewellery buying India 2025” is characterised by cautious buying, value-seeking and strategic delays rather than panic or blanket avoidance.

What this means for retailers and the industry

For brands, jewellers and the ecosystem, these changes in gold jewellery buying India 2025 carry several implications-

• Product strategy: need to offer lighter gold, lower carat options and jewellery with reduced gold content but strong design value.
• Marketing message: emphasise gold as investment + cultural asset rather than only heavy show-jewellery.
• Inventory & pricing: with gold cost high, making charges, margins and stocks all come under pressure; efficient inventory turns become important.
• Diversification: some jewellers expand into coins, bars, gold-ETFs, digital gold to capture shifting demand toward investment.
• Regulatory & supply risk: import duties, smuggling, bullion shortage all make supply unreliable — affecting “gold jewellery buying India 2025” via availability and premiums.
• Retail segmentation: younger buyers, urban buyers, working women may prefer lighter everyday pieces; weddings still drive heavy purchases but may shift timeline.

Hence, for anyone tracking “gold jewellery buying India 2025”, it’s not just about the buyer, but also about how the trade reacts.

Outlook for gold jewellery buying India 2025

In summary, gold jewellery buying India 2025 remains strong in spirit, but its shape is evolving rapidly. While elevated bullion prices are a headwind for conventional heavy-jewellery purchases, demand is being sustained via lighter designs, investment forms, and festival/wedding occasions.
The cultural attachment to gold in India remains unshaken — households hold vast amounts of gold which raise their asset base even as they adapt buying patterns.

Looking ahead-

• In the short term, expect festival-wedding demand to bolster sales, albeit with lower gram-volumes.
• Product innovation around lightweight gold, low‐carat and alternative formats will accelerate.
• Retailers who adapt to “gold jewellery buying India 2025” trends — offering value, transparency, investment alignment and new formats — will likely benefit.
• For consumers, smart buying — focusing on minimal gold content design, smaller denominations and coins/bars — may become the norm rather than the exception.

Thus “gold jewellery buying India 2025” marks a pivot from purely ornamental to more strategic, investment-and-adornment hybrid behaviour.

New Delhi, Oct.16,2025:Modi afraid of Trump, declared Rahul Gandhi in a scathing post on X (formerly Twitter), following Donald Trump’s claim that Prime Minister Narendra Modi had assured him India would stop purchasing Russian oil. Gandhi accused Modi of outsourcing critical decisions to Trump and ignoring repeated slights. The opposition leader’s remarks stirred new controversy in an already heated debate over India’s energy diplomacy and strategic autonomy-

Trump’s announcement on Russian oil

On October 15, 2025, U.S. President Donald Trump stated that PM Modi had given him a personal assurance that India would cease buying oil from Russia. He framed this as a big diplomatic win and a step to apply pressure on Moscow regarding the Ukraine war.

Trump emphasized that the move would not be immediate but would occur “within a short period of time.”

Reuters reported that Trump said, “He assured me today that they will not be buying oil from Russia,” positioning the announcement as part of a broader effort to curb Russia’s energy revenues.

However, the Indian government has not confirmed such an assurance. Critics and analysts immediately questioned whether this claim was part of political posturing.

Rahul Gandhi’s blistering post-5 core accusations

In response, Rahul Gandhi posted-

“Prime Minister Modi is frightened of Trump. He allows Trump to decide and announce that India will not buy Russian oil. He keeps sending congratulatory messages despite repeated snubs.”

He further said Modi had-

1. Allowed Trump to make the announcement in his name.
2. Continued sending congratulatory messages to Trump despite repeated neglect.
3. Cancelled the Finance Minister’s visit to the U.S.
4. Skipped attending the climate summit in Sharm el-Sheikh.
5. Avoided contradicting Trump on Operation Sindoor. Gandhi also said:

“Modi is outsourcing key decisions to America, his famed ‘56-inch chest’ has shrunk.”

His tone was pointed, bold, and intended to shift the political narrative: rather than debating energy policy, the focus becomes leader inaction and perceived subordination.

India’s official response & strategic posture

In reaction, the government emphasized that energy decisions are guided by India’s own interests, especially those of consumers, not external dictates.

The Ministry of External Affairs stated-

“Our import policies are guided entirely by safeguarding consumer interests in a volatile energy scenario. Ensuring stable prices and supply security are twin goals.”

The government did not explicitly confirm or deny Trump’s reported assurance, choosing rather to lean into strategic ambiguity and highlight India’s history of independent energy policy.

Indian refiners, meanwhile, were reported to be exploring gradual reduction in Russian crude imports under pressure from tariffs imposed by the U.S.

But observers note that rapidly curtailing dependence on Russian oil cannot be done overnight — supply chains, refinery configurations, and alternate sourcing need time.

Energy dynamics, U.S. pressure and Indian autonomy

The U.S. leverage & tariff framing

Earlier in 2025, the Trump administration slapped a 25 % retaliatory tariff on Indian goods, citing India’s continued Russian oil imports. Later, an additional 25 % surcharge was introduced — raising the total to 50 %.

This tariff escalation is widely viewed as a tool to compel India to change its energy sourcing.

Trading analysts say the pressure is real: high tariffs can severely damage India’s export competitiveness.

Russia-India oil trade: deepening ties

Since the Ukraine war, India has sharply increased its buys of discounted Russian crude. Some estimates suggest 30–40 % of India’s oil imports now come from Russia.

Russia and India have also begun negotiating joint ventures to strengthen their energy cooperation.

Indian refineries have gradually adapted to processing heavier and varied crude grades to accommodate Russian oil.

Constraints, risks and strategic sovereignty

Switching away from Russian oil would mean revising contracts, adjusting refinery blends, and paying premiums for alternate crude. These changes risk inflationary pressures.

Import dependence, global price volatility, geopolitics (e.g. Middle East tensions) all constrain India’s freedom to drastically shift overnight.

Hence, while the U.S. pressure is material, India’s strategic calculus balances national interest — energy security, price stability, and autonomy.

Reactions across the political spectrum

• Congress & Opposition: They seized on Gandhi’s framing to challenge Modi’s leadership, arguing the Prime Minister is yielding to foreign demands.
• BJP & ruling camp: Likely to portray this as typical opposition theatrics, and emphasize India makes sovereign decisions.
• Media & analysts: Debate ranges from viewing Trump’s claim as exaggeration to assessing the practical difficulty of halting Russian imports immediately.
• International observers: Many treat Trump’s announcement with caution — noting India has made no formal statement confirming the commitment, and that energy policy shifts take time.

Broader implications for India’s foreign policy

• Strategic autonomy test: India’s response will be closely watched as a measure of whether strategic independence holds under pressure.
• U.S.–India ties: A commitment to curb Russian oil could ease tensions and unlock trade deals, but doing so under duress raises questions about sovereignty.
• Russia partnership: Reducing imports may strain the longstanding India–Russia energy bond, potentially pushing Moscow to seek new partners or leverage.
• Global energy realignments: India’s decision will impact global oil flows, pricing, and the effectiveness of sanctions on Russia.

Will Modi afraid of Trump become a lasting narrative

Rahul Gandhi’s slogan “Modi afraid of Trump” crisply captures his political counterattack against Trump’s claim about Russian oil. Whether it sticks will depend on how India responds — whether it confirms, denies, or acts.

New Delhi, Oct.16,2025:In a significant development within India’s legal landscape, Attorney General R Venkataramani has granted consent to initiate criminal contempt proceedings against Advocate Rakesh Kishore. This decision follows an incident on October 6, 2025, where Kishore attempted to throw a shoe at Chief Justice of India (CJI) B R Gavai during a Supreme Court hearing. The incident has sparked widespread condemnation and raised concerns about the sanctity of judicial proceedings-

Background of the Incident

The incident occurred during a routine Supreme Court session when Advocate Rakesh Kishore, aged 71, allegedly hurled a shoe towards CJI Gavai. Reports indicate that Kishore shouted, “Sanatan ka apmaan nahi sahenge” (“We will not tolerate disrespect to Sanatan Dharma”) before the act. Security personnel swiftly intervened, and the shoe did not make contact with the bench. CJI Gavai remained composed and directed the court to continue proceedings. The Bar Council of India (BCI) suspended Kishore’s license pending an inquiry, labeling the act as “a blot on the legal fraternity.”

Legal Reactions and Proceedings

Following the incident, Solicitor General Tushar Mehta and Supreme Court Bar Association (SCBA) President Vikas Singh jointly approached the Supreme Court, requesting the initiation of criminal contempt proceedings against Advocate Kishore. On October 16, 2025, the Supreme Court was informed that Attorney General R Venkataramani had granted consent for such proceedings. In his consent letter, the Attorney General described Kishore’s actions as “not only scandalous but also calculated to demean the Supreme Court.”

The Supreme Court bench, led by Justices Surya Kant and Joymalya Bagchi, acknowledged the gravity of the situation. However, they expressed concerns about the potential repercussions of reviving the matter, suggesting it might fuel further social media debates. The bench indicated that the case would be considered after the Diwali break.

Public and Political Reactions

The shoe-throwing incident has elicited strong reactions from various quarters. Karnataka Chief Minister Siddaramaiah condemned the act, linking it to ideological influences by mentioning that the accused was a “person belonging to Sanatan Dharm.” Following the episode, an FIR was filed against the lawyer in Mysuru.

Union Minister Ramdas Athawale also expressed his disapproval, suggesting that the attack occurred due to CJI Gavai’s Dalit background. He called for action under the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.

On the other hand, Advocate Rakesh Kishore has maintained that his actions were not caste-motivated. He stated, “Can someone tell my caste? Maybe I am a Dalit too,” and offered to provide his caste certificate to prove his background.

The Attorney General’s consent to initiate contempt proceedings against Advocate Rakesh Kishore underscores the seriousness with which the Indian legal system views any attempt to undermine its authority. As the Supreme Court prepares to hear the case post-Diwali, the incident serves as a stark reminder of the importance of maintaining decorum and respect within judicial proceedings. The legal community and the public await the Court’s decision, which will likely set a precedent for handling similar incidents in the future.

Gauhati, Oct.16,2025:In a significant legal development, the Gauhati High Court has provided a major relief to Congress leader Rahul Gandhi by quashing a lower court’s order that allowed additional witnesses in a long-standing defamation case. This decision has garnered widespread attention and has implications for the legal proceedings against Gandhi.

Background of the Defamation Case

The defamation case against Rahul Gandhi dates back to 2016 when RSS worker Anjan Kumar Bora filed a criminal defamation petition. The case stemmed from remarks made by Gandhi during his visit to Barpeta Satra in Assam, where he alleged that RSS workers had prevented him from entering the monastery. The trial court had recorded statements from six witnesses, and in March 2023, the magistrate had declined to allow additional witnesses. However, the additional sessions judge later permitted the inclusion of new witnesses, prompting Gandhi’s legal team to challenge this decision in the Gauhati High Court.

Gauhati High Court’s Recent Ruling

On October 13, 2025, Justice Arun Dev Choudhury of the Gauhati High Court heard the criminal revision petition filed by Gandhi’s legal team. The court found that the application for additional witnesses was vague and lacked specific details, leading to the magistrate’s original decision being upheld. Justice Choudhury criticized the lower court’s intervention, stating that it had “mechanically interfered” with the reasoned order of the magistrate. Furthermore, the High Court directed the trial court to expedite the proceedings, considering Gandhi’s status as a sitting Member of Parliament. This ruling effectively limits the scope of additional evidence in the ongoing defamation case.

Legal Implications of the Decision

The Gauhati High Court’s decision underscores the importance of adhering to procedural norms in legal proceedings. By quashing the lower court’s order, the High Court has reinforced the principle that applications for additional witnesses must be substantiated with clear and specific details. This ruling may set a precedent for similar cases, emphasizing the need for transparency and specificity in legal applications.

Public and Political Reactions

The High Court’s decision has elicited varied reactions from the public and political circles. Supporters of Rahul Gandhi view the ruling as a vindication of his stance, interpreting it as a check on the misuse of legal provisions. Opponents, however, may perceive it as a setback in their efforts to hold public figures accountable. The case continues to be a topic of discussion, reflecting the intersection of law and politics in contemporary India.

The Gauhati High Court’s ruling in the defamation case against Rahul Gandhi marks a significant development in the legal landscape. By quashing the lower court’s order allowing additional witnesses, the High Court has emphasized the need for specificity and clarity in legal applications. As the case proceeds, it will likely continue to influence discussions on the balance between legal procedures and political accountability.

New Delhi, Oct.15,2025:Green Crackers verdict refers to the Supreme Court’s ruling that allows the bursting and sale of green firecrackers in Delhi-NCR for Diwali 2025, subject to strict conditions-

Previously, Delhi and NCR had effectively experienced bans on any firecracker usage, owing to concerns over worsening air quality. Under the new ruling, for the first time in years, limited celebration with green crackers has been permitted.

The verdict does not restore full freedom; rather, it imposes a temporary, experiment-based relaxation in a controlled environment.

Timeline & Key Mandates

Permitted Days and Hours

Under the Green Crackers verdict, the Supreme Court has allowed bursting of green crackers only on October 18 to October 21, 2025.

The only time windows allowed are-

• 6:00 AM – 7:00 AM
• 8:00 PM – 10:00 PM

These time windows are strictly enforced to minimize air quality impact.

QR Codes, Designated Sales & Traceability

To prevent illegal crackers from being sold, each green cracker must carry a QR code that can be verified against a public registry.

Sales will only be allowed at designated offline outlets, licensed by authorities based on NEERI / PESO approvals. Patrol teams will monitor these outlets and conduct random inspections of stock and authenticity.

If a vendor or manufacturer deals in non-compliant crackers, their license may be suspended immediately.

E-commerce Ban & Supply Chain Controls

The Supreme Court has prohibited online sales of firecrackers (even green ones) in NCR via platforms like Amazon or Flipkart.

Also, crackers imported from outside the NCR are banned for sale within NCR to prevent cross-border smuggling

Arguments & Rationale from the Court

Smuggling & Illicit Crackers

One of the key reasons the court advanced to justify this controlled relaxation is that conventional, unregulated firecrackers are often smuggled into NCR and sold illegally. Such illicit crackers may lack safety or emissions standards, thus causing more harm than certified green crackers.

The court opined that a complete ban might encourage a black market that undermines both air quality and governance.

Pollution & Constitutional Mandate

India’s Constitution under Article 21 guarantees the right to life, which courts have interpreted to include the right to a healthy environment. The bench reiterated that environmental protection cannot be compromised.

Yet, the court also recognized the cultural sentiment around Diwali and the livelihoods associated with the fireworks industry. Thus, it opted for a “balanced approach” rather than an outright prohibition.

Industry & Livelihood Concerns

The fireworks trade employs many people, including small manufacturers and local vendors. The court considered submissions from the industry and noted that an absolute ban would significantly affect livelihoods.

The bench believed that allowing green crackers temporarily would permit continued economic activity under regulated conditions.

Critical Reactions & Expert Views

Environmentalists’ Warnings

While green crackers emit lower emissions (claimed reductions of 30-35 %) compared to conventional crackers, experts caution that they still release ultrafine particles (PM1) and gases harmful to health.

Many environmental activists argue that relaxing bans—even for a few days—could jeopardize years of advocacy to improve Delhi’s air during winters.

They also demand strong enforcement to ensure only NEERI-approved crackers reach consumers, and strict penalties for violations.

Fireworks Industry Perspective

Manufacturers and fireworks associations have welcomed the Green Crackers verdict, as it offers breathing space for business after multiple years of strict bans.

They emphasize that they adhere to NEERI / PESO protocols and claim they are prepared to comply with the QR and licensing norms mandated by the court.

Public Sentiment

Among Delhi-NCR residents, opinions are mixed. Some grassroots voices rejoice that Diwali celebrations can resume in a limited way. Others remain skeptical, fearing more pollution and disregard for rules.

In densely populated areas, even during allowed slots, bursting crackers may aggravate breathing issues, especially for vulnerable populations (children, asthma patients).

Risks, Loopholes & Enforcement Challenges

Even the carefully drafted Green Crackers verdict has potential pitfalls-

• Counterfeit or fake “green” crackers may slip into markets disguised under QR labels.
• Monitoring dozens of designated outlets across NCR is a logistical challenge.
• Smuggling from adjacent districts remains a threat.
• Verifying QR codes in real time and responding to violations promptly will test enforcement machinery.
• Air quality fluctuations may depend more on weather, vehicular emissions, and agricultural burning than just crackers.

Unless the authorities maintain round-the-clock vigilance, the benefits of this verdict may be diluted.

Past Judgments & Pollution Trends

The concept of green firecrackers dates back to the Arjun Gopal vs. Union of India judgement (2018), which first permitted eco-friendlier crackers under supervision.

Over the years, Delhi has witnessed severe post-Diwali air spikes, with PM2.5 levels crossing hazardous thresholds.

Some past efforts showed modest improvements—but critics claim that even green crackers resulted in pollution surges in windless or inversion-prone conditions.

Thus, the Green Crackers verdict can be seen as a cautious experimentation in controlled relaxation.

What Happens Next & Monitoring

• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) are mandated to monitor air quality from October 14 to 21 and submit reports.
• The court may revisit the policy based on data and decide whether to extend or curtail the relaxation in subsequent years.
• Violators – whether manufacturers or sellers – face immediate action including license suspension.
• Public awareness campaigns will likely accompany the rollout to ensure compliance.

The Green Crackers verdict marks a significant shift in the regulatory approach toward firecrackers in Delhi and NCR. It reflects an attempt to combine festive ethos with environmental responsibility. The strict conditions—QR codes, limited timing, official oversight—aim to prevent misuse and smuggling.

New Delhi,Oct.14,2025:Diwali, the festival of lights, is not just a celebration of victory over darkness but also an opportunity to invite positivity and prosperity into our homes. According to Vastu Shastra, the ancient Indian science of architecture, the colours used in home decor play a significant role in influencing the energy and harmony of a space. This Diwali, aligning your home’s paint colours with Vastu principles can enhance the festive spirit and attract good fortune-

Significance of Vastu in Diwali Home Decor

Vastu Shastra emphasizes the importance of directions and elements in creating a balanced and harmonious living environment. Each direction is associated with specific elements and deities, and choosing the right colours for each direction can amplify positive energy and mitigate negative influences. By adhering to these guidelines, you can ensure that your home is in harmony with cosmic energies, promoting health, wealth, and happiness.

Recommended Colours for Each Direction

East Direction

• Colour: White, Light Yellow, or Green
• Significance: The East is associated with the rising sun and symbolizes new beginnings and vitality. Light colours like white and yellow promote clarity and optimism, while green enhances growth and harmony. These colours are ideal for living rooms or dining areas, fostering a welcoming and vibrant atmosphere.

South-East Direction

• Colour: Red, Orange, or Peach
• Significance: This direction governs the fire element and is linked to energy, productivity, and finances. Vibrant colours like red and orange stimulate enthusiasm and wealth, making them suitable for kitchens or workspaces. Avoid dark shades in this area to prevent dampening motivation. South Direction

• Colour: Maroon, Pink, or Coral
• Significance: The South represents recognition, reputation, and achievements. Energizing colours like maroon and pink enhance confidence and warmth, ideal for living rooms or study areas. These tones promote a sense of accomplishment and social harmony.

South-West Direction

• Colour: Earthy Tones like Beige, Cream, or Light Brown
• Significance: This direction influences stability, relationships, and security. Earthy colours promote comfort and harmony, making them suitable for bedrooms or meditation spaces. These shades foster emotional balance and tranquillity. West Direction

• Colour: White, Silver, or Light Grey
• Significance: The West nurtures contentment and relaxation. Calming shades like white and silver bring peace and balance, ideal for bedrooms or study spaces. These tones create a serene environment conducive to rest and reflection.
• North-West Direction

• Colour: Soft Grey or White
• Significance: This direction is governed by the element of air and is linked to supportive relationships, stability, and helpful connections. Using soft grey or white shades creates a balanced and peaceful environment, suitable for guest rooms or living areas.

North Direction

• Colour: Cool Tones like White, Silver, Soft Blue, Aqua, or Teal
• Significance: The North is associated with growth and communication. Cool tones promote calmness and clarity, supporting professional progress and smooth conversations. These colours are ideal for offices or study areas.

North-East Direction

• Colour: Light Soothing Colours like White, Cream, Light Blue, or Purple
• Significance: Known as the most spiritual area, this corner is ideal for worship and meditation. Light colours bring peace and clarity, enhancing spiritual practices. Avoid dark shades to maintain tranquillity.

Colours to Avoid During Diwali

While selecting colours for your home, it’s essential to avoid certain hues that may bring negative energy-

• Black or Dark Grey: These colours absorb light and can block positive energy flow, making them unsuitable for entrances or living spaces.
• Deep Red: While red is auspicious in moderation, deep red can be overwhelming and may cause restlessness or anxiety.

New Delhi,Oct.14,2025:Gold prices in India have recently surpassed ₹1.3 lakh per 10 grams, marking a significant milestone in the precious metals market. This surge has left investors and consumers alike pondering the reasons behind this unprecedented rise and whether the upward trend will continue-

Understanding Gold ETFs

Gold Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs) are investment instruments that track the price of gold. Each unit of a gold ETF represents a specific quantity of gold, typically one gram. They offer investors a way to invest in gold without the need to physically own it. Gold ETFs are traded on stock exchanges, providing liquidity and ease of access.

Record Inflows into Gold ETFs

In September 2025, gold ETFs witnessed record inflows globally, with a total of $26 billion invested during the quarter. North American investors led the charge, contributing $16.1 billion, while European funds added $8.2 billion. In India, gold ETFs saw inflows of approximately ₹8,363 crore during the same period, a significant increase from previous months.

Central Banks’ Gold Buying Spree

Central banks worldwide have been increasing their gold reserves, contributing to the upward pressure on gold prices. In August 2025, central banks collectively purchased 15 tonnes of gold, with countries like Kazakhstan, Bulgaria, and El Salvador leading the pack. India, China, and Qatar have also been active in expanding their gold reserves.

Factors Influencing Gold Prices

Several factors have contributed to the recent surge in gold prices-

• Geopolitical Tensions: Ongoing conflicts and trade tensions, particularly between the U.S. and China, have driven investors towards safe-haven assets like gold.
• U.S. Federal Reserve Policies: Expectations of interest rate cuts by the U.S. Federal Reserve have weakened the U.S. dollar, making gold more attractive to investors.
• Economic Uncertainty: Global economic uncertainties, including concerns over inflation and recession, have led investors to seek stability in gold investments.

Gold Price Forecasts for 2026

Analysts are bullish on gold’s future prospects. Bank of America has raised its gold price forecast to $5,000 per ounce by 2026, citing strong investment demand and economic uncertainties. Similarly, Goldman Sachs has increased its December 2026 gold price forecast to $4,900 per ounce.

Investment Strategies in Gold

For investors looking to capitalize on the rising gold prices, several options are available-

• Gold ETFs: As discussed, gold ETFs offer a convenient way to invest in gold without the need for physical storage.
• Sovereign Gold Bonds: Issued by the government, these bonds offer a fixed interest rate along with capital appreciation linked to gold prices.
• Gold Mutual Funds: These funds invest in gold mining companies and gold-related assets, providing exposure to the gold sector.

Is Gold Still a Safe Bet

While gold has shown impressive gains, potential investors should consider the associated risks, including market volatility and geopolitical factors. Diversifying one’s investment portfolio and consulting with financial advisors can help mitigate these risks. Given the current economic climate and expert forecasts, gold remains a viable option for those seeking to hedge against uncertainties.

New Delhi, Oct.14,2025:Mental health crisis in India youth is no longer a whisper from the fringes—it has become a loud alarm that demands attention. Across urban and rural regions, among students and young professionals, anxiety, depression, emotional distress, and suicidal thoughts are rising sharply. This article unpacks the data, digs into the causes, and highlights what can be done before the crisis deepens further-

Alarming statistics- how widespread is the issue

Study in Tier-1 cities

A recent study conducted by SRM University AP, Amaravati, published in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry, surveyed 1,628 students (aged 18–29) across eight major Indian cities (Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad, Pune, Ahmedabad, Kolkata). Findings include:

• Nearly 70% of students reported moderate to high anxiety.
• About 60% showed signs of depression.
• Over 70% felt emotionally distressed.
• 65% struggled to regulate behaviour or emotions.

Other relevant data

• Among adolescents in Telangana and Karnataka (ages 10-18), over 60% reported sleep difficulties; 70% reported problems focusing in class.
• In India’s workforce and academic settings, nearly 75% of high school students sleep fewer than 7 hours due to late-night social media use; many feel career uncertainty.
• UNICEF reports indicate only 41% of young people in India believe it’s good to seek help for mental health problems, compared to ~83% in many other countries.

• Treatment gap and professional shortage

• India has about 0.75 psychiatrists per 100,000 people, far below WHO recommendations.
• Treatment gap for mental disorders is estimated between 70% to 92%, depending on region and disorder.

These numbers show that mental health crisis in India youth is wide, serious, and multi-dimensional.

Case studies- when social media becomes a trigger

While data gives scale, real stories show the human toll. They mirror many of the trends uncovered by recent studies and add urgency to the need for prevention.

• Case 1: In Raipur (Chhattisgarh), a 22-year-old man who made reels and videos felt despair when his recent posts didn’t get many views. He increasingly isolated himself and one day injured himself via cutting his wrist. Family intervened just in time and got medical help.
• Case 2: In Bhopal, a 23-year-old woman preparing for competitive exams felt immense pressure, loneliness, and repeated failures. She attempted suicide when she felt she had no outlet—this, despite being academically good. Intervention came in time, with help from family and mental health professionals.

These stories underline how external validation (likes, views, status), social isolation, peer comparison, and academic pressure can interact with vulnerabilities, causing crises.

pressure, lifestyle, pandemic impact

Academic, peer & social media pressure

Students cite overwhelming competition, expected academic success, job prospects, etc. Social media amplifies peer pressure: lifestyle comparisons, social status, likes/views become measures of self-worth. Studies show high social media usage correlates with anxiety, sleep issues, and emotional distress.

Lifestyle changes and lack of physical activity

In many cases, children and young adults have decreased physical activity, increased screen time, poor sleep habits, and irregular routines. These contribute to emotional instability, mood disorders, and even physical health issues. This is in line with child psychiatry experts’ observations. (Your original cases about media, gaming addiction, lack of physical activity illustrate this.)

Pandemic after-effects and isolation

COVID-19 lockdowns, disruptions in schooling / college, increased remote/online interactions have caused prolonged isolation. Reports show that youth aged 18-24 were among the worst affected in their mental health scores post-pandemic.

Lack of early support, stigma & awareness

Although awareness has increased, many young people do not recognize early signs. Many are reluctant to seek help due to fear of being judged or due to lack of access. UNICEF data shows low rates of belief in seeking mental health support in India relative to other countries.

physical and psychological links

The mental health crisis in India youth doesn’t only affect emotions—it has broader health and social consequences.

• Physical health risks: Conditions like hypertension, diabetes, heart disease are rising in tandem with mental stress. Stress hormones affect sleep, diet, and bodily systems. In your source data, psychiatric experts note links between mental distress and these physical disorders.
• Emotional regulation & behaviour problems: Youth may have difficulty managing mood, behaviour, impulsivity. Increased substance use, self-harm, or suicidal ideation may follow, especially when pressure or rejection (e.g. from social media) is perceived.
• Academic, social, relational impact: Decline in performance, drop in self-esteem, withdrawal from friends/family, breakdowns in relationships. As in the cases you describe.
• Long-term risk: Early mental health conditions often predict recurrent problems, even in later adulthood. Unaddressed depression or anxiety may lead to chronic illness, lower life satisfaction.

studies, support systems, campaigners

University & survey reports

• The SRM University AP study (1,628 students) as mentioned above.
• Studies on adolescent girls’ mental health, including awareness programmes in remote or rural areas (e.g. Assam, Telangana).

Helplines & tele-mental health

• Tele-MANAS in Karnataka has received over 65,000 calls since its launch in 2022, supporting young people in crises.
• New mental health helpdesk for medical students in Telangana (T-JUDA) to offer peer support, counselling.

Government & policy efforts

• Economic Survey 2024-25 underscores need for preventive mental health education, digital services, workplace policies.
• UNICEF’s “Mental Well-being for Young People” approach that emphasizes integrated services, early detection, reducing stigma.

Community, grassroots action

• Peer-led programmes, student support groups, awareness in schools.
• Workshops and community health clinics in tribal or rural areas improving access (e.g. Gadchiroli study).

What needs to change-solutions and early interventions

To address the mental health crisis in India youth, multiple coordinated steps are essential:

Early identification & screening

• Integrate mental health screening in schools, colleges. Trained counsellors should observe signs: sleep problems, withdrawn behaviour, changes in mood or performance.
• Use validated tools, possibly AI/technology-assisted where feasible, especially after the rise in digital mental health studies.

Awareness & destigmatization

• Reduce shame attached to mental illness. Public campaigns, peer testimonials, role models speaking out.
• Educate parents, teachers, employers about what mental illness may look like, that it can be treated, and help exists.

Improve access to professional care

• Increase number of psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric social workers. WHO recommendation is higher than current ratio.
• Enhance tele-mental health services: helplines like Tele-MANAS, online counselling.

Support systems in institutions

• Schools and colleges should have counselling centres, peer support cells. Emotional support should be part of curriculum.
• Employers should build policies allowing mental health days, wellbeing programs, reduce burnout.

Healthy lifestyle & digital balance

• Promote physical activity, sleep hygiene, limits on screen time.
• Teach young people digital literacy: how social media works, how comparison and algorithms can amplify distress.

turning awareness into action

The mental health crisis in India youth is a reality. It’s visible in statistics, in heartbreaking case studies, and in every city and rural area where young people suffer in silence. But there is also hope. Awareness is rising. Institutions, researchers, policy makers, and community actors are stepping in.